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Lianianika

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Village introduction

A small settlement located west of the main Chora-Potamos road, along the route toward Perlegianika and Dourianika. The exact date of establishment is unknown; references first appear only in the 18th century. The settlement originated from a single homestead belonging to the Lianos family. On Kythera, Lianos is known as a nickname of the large and ancient Prineas family. This pattern appears with another surname found in the settlement, Motis. Lianianika was established by members of the same extended family who settled in the area and gave it their name. The settlement never grew significantly and remains one of the picturesque old hamlets in the greater Logothetianika region.

Condensed from Emmanuel Kalligeros's excellent Kytherian Geographical Placenames which is available here

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93 linked entries
Australia

Gravesite of the Lianos family, Botany Cemetery, Sydney

The gravesite is very substantial.

The Life story of George and Agapi Lianos

The Lianos Comino Odyssey


My Grandparents were Agapi and George Lianos from Kythera,Greece. Papou was born on the 9th June1873 in the village of Liananika to Emmanuel and Relia, farm owners. He was the only son and had four sisters, Irene, Kerani, Marigo and Stavroula. Agapi's birth date was in 1867.

He worked on the farm with his parents and at the age of twenty four married Agapi the seventeen year old daughter of Anthony and Theodora Comino on the 15th February 1897.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos c. 1900

His parents gave them some land with a two room house on it and it was there that their first child Stavroula was born on the 31st July 1898. But conditions were very hard in Kythera so they decided that Papou should go to Australia to try his luck. Also his wife's brothers, Dimitrios, Menas and Nicholas,and her Uncles Zacharias and Ioanis Comino, were already settled in Sydney, which would be a great help to him, he hoped.

He arrived in Pireaus on 16th September 1898 where he arranged his papers and passport and arranged for his passage to Sydney. On the 20th September 1898 he left on an Egyptian Steam boat for Port Said where he stayed for several days. Then on the 28th September 1898 he boarded a new German steamer called the Barbarossa, and set sail for his new life in Australia.

After a lovely and uneventful trip he arrived at Circular Quay Sydney on the 30th of October 1898 and was met by his brothers-in-law and taken to lodgings and instructed in what was to be his life for some time to come. A bad joke was played on him by his brothers-in-law, who had put him in a bug infested room on his first night in Australia, but then gave him a room in one of their homes.

And it was hard. From the 3rd November 1898 he had to get up at 3.a.m. to go to the markets to collect oysters and fish and bring the produce back to the cellar and clean the fish and open the oysters. He then had to go upstairs to scrub the floor, clean the tables and wash the cutlery in preparation for the evening work in the restaurant. Then he had to go back to the cellar to open more oysters. Then it was back to the pantry to wash up the cutlery and dishes from the restaurant after it closed. He went to bed at midnight, and then the routine started again. He had Sundays off but had to clean his room and wash his clothes. Then he dressed up in the best clothes he had and went for a walk in the Domain but he had to be home by 5p.m. to prepare himself for the next day. And so it went on.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos, early in their married life, with Emmanuel and Stavroula

During the next four years he had a series of good and bad experiences in business and family dealings, but he was finally doing well enough to bring his wife and child to join him. In November 1900 they were a united family again. They worked very hard in the latest business they had purchased which was very successful. Their first child to be born in Australia was Emmanuel born on 3rd January 1903. Their next child was Theodora born on 29th January 1905, and on 20th March 1907 another daughter Aspacia was born. He then made the decision to return to Greece and on the16th April 1907 left on the Orient Liner Ormes.

However Theodora became very ill and they had to disembark at Colombo, a decision which saved her life. They stayed there for fifteen days and continued on their journey on the Ortona, and arrived in Pireaus on the 7th June 1907, where they stayed for fifteen days and then travelled to their intended destination Agia Pelagia where they were greeted with great joy by his father and sisters. From there they travelled to their village Liananika and were greeted with great enthusiam by the villagers.

They spent the next few years (3yrs and 10mths to be exact) having a happy time. During this time another son Anthony was born on the 28th January 1908 and Papou built a beautiful home and furnished it with the best furniture which he bought from a shop in Pireaus owned by an in.law J.Venathis. The house was started on the 15th May and completed on the 28th November 1908.

Lianos family home on Kythera, built by my grandfather, George Lianos

Unfortunately he was persuaded by some in-laws to lend them money for their business ventures and then refused to repay him. As he was not receiving the monies due to him from his investments in Australia from his in-laws whom he trusted, he was forced to return to Australia to investigate things. His intention was to return to Greece in a couple of years. So in October 1910, they left Cerigo (as it was called then) and arrived back in Australia on the 7th February 1911, and took over his shop from his brother-in-law Menas Comino and was shocked to see how little money there was for him. However he worked very hard and built the business up and started doing well again . During this time another son Menas, was born on the 1th April 1911 and business was really booming. But he was too trusting of his in-laws and was tricked by them once again and he had many business problems as a result of their actions. About this time another daughter Coralia was born on the 24th April 1913.

At the end of 1912, he intended to sell up everything and return to Greec but once again he was persuaded by his in-laws to do otherwise and made bad decisions which cost him dearly. He opened a lolly shop and milk bar in Elizabeth St. Sydney but again he had bad partners and lost a lot of money. Another son Theodore was born on the 13th December 1914.

Then war had started in Europe in 1914, and business plunged dramatically because the soldiers behaved like larrikins and refused to pay for food and drinks and threatened to smash the windows (which they did once) if he complained. It was a bad time for all shopkeepers. He then went into business at 661 George St,and it was from there that his first daughter Stella married John Aroney in the 1st August 1917, and the wedding reception was held at the George St business and the 100 guests sang and danced till 2.a.m. It was the first genuine Cerigotis wedding held in Australia.

Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, owned by the Comino brothers - my grandmothers uncles, c 1900

Business was improving and his landlord then offered to sell him the shop and the one next door but the price was too high and he refused. It was then sold to a Theo Marks and when the current lease expired, his terms for a new lease were excessive and not worth while considering. But he had bills to pay, the wine licence and fittings being a few things to pay. His brother-in-law Menas told him that if he walked away from everything, because the bills were so small no one would chase him for it. But it was bad advice. With his wife and family and new son Socrates born on the 20th January 1918 they left Sydney for Murwillimbah where his daughter Stella and her husband John were in business and John offered him a small shop next door to theirs to open a business. But Theo Marks in Sydney did not walk away from monies owing to him and sent a summons to Murwillumbah. The severe flu epidemic had hit Australia and Papou was ill and unable to go to Sydney to defend the summons so he was declared bankrupt.

But things were no better in Murwillumbah as John Aroney had sold the small shop to help his brother return to Greece, and would not give Papou a larger share of his shop as compensation for the money he had put in renovating the smaller shop. They returned to Sydney and settled in Palmer St. Papou was out of work for five months and only Emanuel was working. He worked in Uncle Mena's and Uncle Nicholas' shop making five to ten gallons of ice cream every morning and serving in the restaurant at night. This helped to pay off the bankruptcy so that his father would not dip into the little money he had left.

Papou then opened a shop in Oxford St and fitted it out but it was not a success and he had to close it. And that was the last of his money. Another daughter Diamantoula was born on the 4th August 1920. Then in October 1921, they decided to go to Gunnedah and bought a broken down shop which he renovated completely as a milk bar. He put in a soda fountain and the business started to build up. It was there that great plans were made for the future and Papou thought he was on his way again at last.

But as the saying goes "Man proposes and God disposes" and so it was with my Grandfather.

Another son Constantine was born on the 4th October 1922. There were eleven children born to Agapi and George Lianos.

My mother with her 10 brothers and sisters

Back row: Aspacia, Menas, Theodora and Stavroula. Seated: Theodore, Diamantoula, Emanuel, Anthony, Socrates, Coralia and Constantine sitting on stool.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos later in life – in 1942

My grandmother died soon after this photograph was taken, at age 62, in July 1942.

My grandfather in 1960, surrounded by his eleven children

8 remaining children of George and Agapi Lianos, 1987, in Uncle Tony's home, in Killarney Heights

The gravesite of the Lianos family, Botany Cemetery, Sydney, heads this entry.
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Diaspora Vintage Portraits/ People

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos later in life - in1942.

(My grandmother died soon after this photograph was taken, at age 62, in July 1942).

The Life story of George and Agapi Lianos

The Lianos Comino Odyssey


My Grandparents were Agapi and George Lianos from Kythera,Greece. Papou was born on the 9th June1873 in the village of Liananika to Emmanuel and Relia, farm owners. He was the only son and had four sisters, Irene, Kerani, Marigo and Stavroula. Agapi's birth date was in 1867.

He worked on the farm with his parents and at the age of twenty four married Agapi the seventeen year old daughter of Anthony and Theodora Comino on the 15th February 1897.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos c. 1900

His parents gave them some land with a two room house on it and it was there that their first child Stavroula was born on the 31st July 1898. But conditions were very hard in Kythera so they decided that Papou should go to Australia to try his luck. Also his wife's brothers, Dimitrios, Menas and Nicholas,and her Uncles Zacharias and Ioanis Comino, were already settled in Sydney, which would be a great help to him, he hoped.

He arrived in Pireaus on 16th September 1898 where he arranged his papers and passport and arranged for his passage to Sydney. On the 20th September 1898 he left on an Egyptian Steam boat for Port Said where he stayed for several days. Then on the 28th September 1898 he boarded a new German steamer called the Barbarossa, and set sail for his new life in Australia.

After a lovely and uneventful trip he arrived at Circular Quay Sydney on the 30th of October 1898 and was met by his brothers-in-law and taken to lodgings and instructed in what was to be his life for some time to come. A bad joke was played on him by his brothers-in-law, who had put him in a bug infested room on his first night in Australia, but then gave him a room in one of their homes.

And it was hard. From the 3rd November 1898 he had to get up at 3.a.m. to go to the markets to collect oysters and fish and bring the produce back to the cellar and clean the fish and open the oysters. He then had to go upstairs to scrub the floor, clean the tables and wash the cutlery in preparation for the evening work in the restaurant. Then he had to go back to the cellar to open more oysters. Then it was back to the pantry to wash up the cutlery and dishes from the restaurant after it closed. He went to bed at midnight, and then the routine started again. He had Sundays off but had to clean his room and wash his clothes. Then he dressed up in the best clothes he had and went for a walk in the Domain but he had to be home by 5p.m. to prepare himself for the next day. And so it went on.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos, early in their married life, with Emmanuel and Stavroula

During the next four years he had a series of good and bad experiences in business and family dealings, but he was finally doing well enough to bring his wife and child to join him. In November 1900 they were a united family again. They worked very hard in the latest business they had purchased which was very successful. Their first child to be born in Australia was Emmanuel born on 3rd January 1903. Their next child was Theodora born on 29th January 1905, and on 20th March 1907 another daughter Aspacia was born. He then made the decision to return to Greece and on the16th April 1907 left on the Orient Liner Ormes.

However Theodora became very ill and they had to disembark at Colombo, a decision which saved her life. They stayed there for fifteen days and continued on their journey on the Ortona, and arrived in Pireaus on the 7th June 1907, where they stayed for fifteen days and then travelled to their intended destination Agia Pelagia where they were greeted with great joy by his father and sisters. From there they travelled to their village Liananika and were greeted with great enthusiam by the villagers.

They spent the next few years (3yrs and 10mths to be exact) having a happy time. During this time another son Anthony was born on the 28th January 1908 and Papou built a beautiful home and furnished it with the best furniture which he bought from a shop in Pireaus owned by an in.law J.Venathis. The house was started on the 15th May and completed on the 28th November 1908.

Lianos family home on Kythera, built by my grandfather, George Lianos

Unfortunately he was persuaded by some in-laws to lend them money for their business ventures and then refused to repay him. As he was not receiving the monies due to him from his investments in Australia from his in-laws whom he trusted, he was forced to return to Australia to investigate things. His intention was to return to Greece in a couple of years. So in October 1910, they left Cerigo (as it was called then) and arrived back in Australia on the 7th February 1911, and took over his shop from his brother-in-law Menas Comino and was shocked to see how little money there was for him. However he worked very hard and built the business up and started doing well again . During this time another son Menas, was born on the 1th April 1911 and business was really booming. But he was too trusting of his in-laws and was tricked by them once again and he had many business problems as a result of their actions. About this time another daughter Coralia was born on the 24th April 1913.

At the end of 1912, he intended to sell up everything and return to Greec but once again he was persuaded by his in-laws to do otherwise and made bad decisions which cost him dearly. He opened a lolly shop and milk bar in Elizabeth St. Sydney but again he had bad partners and lost a lot of money. Another son Theodore was born on the 13th December 1914.

Then war had started in Europe in 1914, and business plunged dramatically because the soldiers behaved like larrikins and refused to pay for food and drinks and threatened to smash the windows (which they did once) if he complained. It was a bad time for all shopkeepers. He then went into business at 661 George St,and it was from there that his first daughter Stella married John Aroney in the 1st August 1917, and the wedding reception was held at the George St business and the 100 guests sang and danced till 2.a.m. It was the first genuine Cerigotis wedding held in Australia.

Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, owned by the Comino brothers - my grandmothers uncles, c 1900

Business was improving and his landlord then offered to sell him the shop and the one next door but the price was too high and he refused. It was then sold to a Theo Marks and when the current lease expired, his terms for a new lease were excessive and not worth while considering. But he had bills to pay, the wine licence and fittings being a few things to pay. His brother-in-law Menas told him that if he walked away from everything, because the bills were so small no one would chase him for it. But it was bad advice. With his wife and family and new son Socrates born on the 20th January 1918 they left Sydney for Murwillimbah where his daughter Stella and her husband John were in business and John offered him a small shop next door to theirs to open a business. But Theo Marks in Sydney did not walk away from monies owing to him and sent a summons to Murwillumbah. The severe flu epidemic had hit Australia and Papou was ill and unable to go to Sydney to defend the summons so he was declared bankrupt.

But things were no better in Murwillumbah as John Aroney had sold the small shop to help his brother return to Greece, and would not give Papou a larger share of his shop as compensation for the money he had put in renovating the smaller shop. They returned to Sydney and settled in Palmer St. Papou was out of work for five months and only Emanuel was working. He worked in Uncle Mena's and Uncle Nicholas' shop making five to ten gallons of ice cream every morning and serving in the restaurant at night. This helped to pay off the bankruptcy so that his father would not dip into the little money he had left.

Papou then opened a shop in Oxford St and fitted it out but it was not a success and he had to close it. And that was the last of his money. Another daughter Diamantoula was born on the 4th August 1920. Then in October 1921, they decided to go to Gunnedah and bought a broken down shop which he renovated completely as a milk bar. He put in a soda fountain and the business started to build up. It was there that great plans were made for the future and Papou thought he was on his way again at last.

But as the saying goes "Man proposes and God disposes" and so it was with my Grandfather.

Another son Constantine was born on the 4th October 1922. There were eleven children born to Agapi and George Lianos.

My mother with her 10 brothers and sisters

Back row: Aspacia, Menas, Theodora and Stavroula. Seated: Theodore, Diamantoula, Emanuel, Anthony, Socrates, Coralia and Constantine sitting on stool.

As stated previously, my grandmother died soon after the photograph that heads this entry was taken, at age 62, in July 1942.

My grandfather in 1960, surrounded by his eleven children

8 remaining children of George and Agapi Lianos, 1987, in Uncle Tony's home, in Killarney Heights

Gravesite of the Lianos family, Botany Cemetery, Sydney
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Diaspora Vintage Portraits/ People

8 remaining children of George and Agapi Lianos, 1987, in Uncle Tony's home, in Killarney Heights

The Life story of George and Agapi Lianos

The Lianos Comino Odyssey


My Grandparents were Agapi and George Lianos from Kythera,Greece. Papou was born on the 9th June1873 in the village of Liananika to Emmanuel and Relia, farm owners. He was the only son and had four sisters, Irene, Kerani, Marigo and Stavroula. Agapi's birth date was in 1867.

He worked on the farm with his parents and at the age of twenty four married Agapi the seventeen year old daughter of Anthony and Theodora Comino on the 15th February 1897.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos c. 1900

His parents gave them some land with a two room house on it and it was there that their first child Stavroula was born on the 31st July 1898. But conditions were very hard in Kythera so they decided that Papou should go to Australia to try his luck. Also his wife's brothers, Dimitrios, Menas and Nicholas,and her Uncles Zacharias and Ioanis Comino, were already settled in Sydney, which would be a great help to him, he hoped.

He arrived in Pireaus on 16th September 1898 where he arranged his papers and passport and arranged for his passage to Sydney. On the 20th September 1898 he left on an Egyptian Steam boat for Port Said where he stayed for several days. Then on the 28th September 1898 he boarded a new German steamer called the Barbarossa, and set sail for his new life in Australia.

After a lovely and uneventful trip he arrived at Circular Quay Sydney on the 30th of October 1898 and was met by his brothers-in-law and taken to lodgings and instructed in what was to be his life for some time to come. A bad joke was played on him by his brothers-in-law, who had put him in a bug infested room on his first night in Australia, but then gave him a room in one of their homes.

And it was hard. From the 3rd November 1898 he had to get up at 3.a.m. to go to the markets to collect oysters and fish and bring the produce back to the cellar and clean the fish and open the oysters. He then had to go upstairs to scrub the floor, clean the tables and wash the cutlery in preparation for the evening work in the restaurant. Then he had to go back to the cellar to open more oysters. Then it was back to the pantry to wash up the cutlery and dishes from the restaurant after it closed. He went to bed at midnight, and then the routine started again. He had Sundays off but had to clean his room and wash his clothes. Then he dressed up in the best clothes he had and went for a walk in the Domain but he had to be home by 5p.m. to prepare himself for the next day. And so it went on.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos, early in their married life, with Emmanuel and Stavroula

During the next four years he had a series of good and bad experiences in business and family dealings, but he was finally doing well enough to bring his wife and child to join him. In November 1900 they were a united family again. They worked very hard in the latest business they had purchased which was very successful. Their first child to be born in Australia was Emmanuel born on 3rd January 1903. Their next child was Theodora born on 29th January 1905, and on 20th March 1907 another daughter Aspacia was born. He then made the decision to return to Greece and on the16th April 1907 left on the Orient Liner Ormes.

However Theodora became very ill and they had to disembark at Colombo, a decision which saved her life. They stayed there for fifteen days and continued on their journey on the Ortona, and arrived in Pireaus on the 7th June 1907, where they stayed for fifteen days and then travelled to their intended destination Agia Pelagia where they were greeted with great joy by his father and sisters. From there they travelled to their village Liananika and were greeted with great enthusiam by the villagers.

They spent the next few years (3yrs and 10mths to be exact) having a happy time. During this time another son Anthony was born on the 28th January 1908 and Papou built a beautiful home and furnished it with the best furniture which he bought from a shop in Pireaus owned by an in.law J.Venathis. The house was started on the 15th May and completed on the 28th November 1908.

Lianos family home on Kythera, built by my grandfather, George Lianos

Unfortunately he was persuaded by some in-laws to lend them money for their business ventures and then refused to repay him. As he was not receiving the monies due to him from his investments in Australia from his in-laws whom he trusted, he was forced to return to Australia to investigate things. His intention was to return to Greece in a couple of years. So in October 1910, they left Cerigo (as it was called then) and arrived back in Australia on the 7th February 1911, and took over his shop from his brother-in-law Menas Comino and was shocked to see how little money there was for him. However he worked very hard and built the business up and started doing well again . During this time another son Menas, was born on the 1th April 1911 and business was really booming. But he was too trusting of his in-laws and was tricked by them once again and he had many business problems as a result of their actions. About this time another daughter Coralia was born on the 24th April 1913.

At the end of 1912, he intended to sell up everything and return to Greec but once again he was persuaded by his in-laws to do otherwise and made bad decisions which cost him dearly. He opened a lolly shop and milk bar in Elizabeth St. Sydney but again he had bad partners and lost a lot of money. Another son Theodore was born on the 13th December 1914.

Then war had started in Europe in 1914, and business plunged dramatically because the soldiers behaved like larrikins and refused to pay for food and drinks and threatened to smash the windows (which they did once) if he complained. It was a bad time for all shopkeepers. He then went into business at 661 George St,and it was from there that his first daughter Stella married John Aroney in the 1st August 1917, and the wedding reception was held at the George St business and the 100 guests sang and danced till 2.a.m. It was the first genuine Cerigotis wedding held in Australia.

Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, owned by the Comino brothers - my grandmothers uncles, c 1900

Business was improving and his landlord then offered to sell him the shop and the one next door but the price was too high and he refused. It was then sold to a Theo Marks and when the current lease expired, his terms for a new lease were excessive and not worth while considering. But he had bills to pay, the wine licence and fittings being a few things to pay. His brother-in-law Menas told him that if he walked away from everything, because the bills were so small no one would chase him for it. But it was bad advice. With his wife and family and new son Socrates born on the 20th January 1918 they left Sydney for Murwillimbah where his daughter Stella and her husband John were in business and John offered him a small shop next door to theirs to open a business. But Theo Marks in Sydney did not walk away from monies owing to him and sent a summons to Murwillumbah. The severe flu epidemic had hit Australia and Papou was ill and unable to go to Sydney to defend the summons so he was declared bankrupt.

But things were no better in Murwillumbah as John Aroney had sold the small shop to help his brother return to Greece, and would not give Papou a larger share of his shop as compensation for the money he had put in renovating the smaller shop. They returned to Sydney and settled in Palmer St. Papou was out of work for five months and only Emanuel was working. He worked in Uncle Mena's and Uncle Nicholas' shop making five to ten gallons of ice cream every morning and serving in the restaurant at night. This helped to pay off the bankruptcy so that his father would not dip into the little money he had left.

Papou then opened a shop in Oxford St and fitted it out but it was not a success and he had to close it. And that was the last of his money. Another daughter Diamantoula was born on the 4th August 1920. Then in October 1921, they decided to go to Gunnedah and bought a broken down shop which he renovated completely as a milk bar. He put in a soda fountain and the business started to build up. It was there that great plans were made for the future and Papou thought he was on his way again at last.

But as the saying goes "Man proposes and God disposes" and so it was with my Grandfather.

Another son Constantine was born on the 4th October 1922. There were eleven children born to Agapi and George Lianos.

My mother with her 10 brothers and sisters

Back row: Aspacia, Menas, Theodora and Stavroula. Seated: Theodore, Diamantoula, Emanuel, Anthony, Socrates, Coralia and Constantine sitting on stool.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos later in life – in 1942

My grandmother died soon after this photograph was taken, at age 62, in July 1942.

My grandfather in 1960, surrounded by his eleven children

A photograph of the 8 remaining children of George and Agapi Lianos, in 1987, in Uncle Tony's home, in Killarney Height, heads this entry.

Gravesite of the Lianos family, Botany Cemetery, Sydney
Open full entry
Diaspora Vintage Portraits/ People

My grandfather in 1960, surrounded by his eleven children

The Lianos Comino Osyssey

My Grandparents were Agapi and George Lianos from Kythera,Greece. Papou was born on the 9th June1873 in the village of Liananika to Emmanuel and Relia, farm owners. He was the only son and had four sisters, Irene, Kerani, Marigo and Stavroula. Agapi's birth date was in 1867.

He worked on the farm with his parents and at the age of twenty four married Agapi the seventeen year old daughter of Anthony and Theodora Comino on the 15th February 1897.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos c. 1900

His parents gave them some land with a two room house on it and it was there that their first child Stavroula was born on the 31st July 1898. But conditions were very hard in Kythera so they decided that Papou should go to Australia to try his luck. Also his wife's brothers, Dimitrios, Menas and Nicholas,and her Uncles Zacharias and Ioanis Comino, were already settled in Sydney, which would be a great help to him, he hoped.

He arrived in Pireaus on 16th September 1898 where he arranged his papers and passport and arranged for his passage to Sydney. On the 20th September 1898 he left on an Egyptian Steam boat for Port Said where he stayed for several days. Then on the 28th September 1898 he boarded a new German steamer called the Barbarossa, and set sail for his new life in Australia.

After a lovely and uneventful trip he arrived at Circular Quay Sydney on the 30th of October 1898 and was met by his brothers-in-law and taken to lodgings and instructed in what was to be his life for some time to come. A bad joke was played on him by his brothers-in-law, who had put him in a bug infested room on his first night in Australia, but then gave him a room in one of their homes.

And it was hard. From the 3rd November 1898 he had to get up at 3.a.m. to go to the markets to collect oysters and fish and bring the produce back to the cellar and clean the fish and open the oysters. He then had to go upstairs to scrub the floor, clean the tables and wash the cutlery in preparation for the evening work in the restaurant. Then he had to go back to the cellar to open more oysters. Then it was back to the pantry to wash up the cutlery and dishes from the restaurant after it closed. He went to bed at midnight, and then the routine started again. He had Sundays off but had to clean his room and wash his clothes. Then he dressed up in the best clothes he had and went for a walk in the Domain but he had to be home by 5p.m. to prepare himself for the next day. And so it went on.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos, early in their married life, with Emmanuel and Stavroula

During the next four years he had a series of good and bad experiences in business and family dealings, but he was finally doing well enough to bring his wife and child to join him. In November 1900 they were a united family again. They worked very hard in the latest business they had purchased which was very successful. Their first child to be born in Australia was Emmanuel born on 3rd January 1903. Their next child was Theodora born on 29th January 1905, and on 20th March 1907 another daughter Aspacia was born. He then made the decision to return to Greece and on the16th April 1907 left on the Orient Liner Ormes.

However Theodora became very ill and they had to disembark at Colombo, a decision which saved her life. They stayed there for fifteen days and continued on their journey on the Ortona, and arrived in Pireaus on the 7th June 1907, where they stayed for fifteen days and then travelled to their intended destination Agia Pelagia where they were greeted with great joy by his father and sisters. From there they travelled to their village Liananika and were greeted with great enthusiam by the villagers.

They spent the next few years (3yrs and 10mths to be exact) having a happy time. During this time another son Anthony was born on the 28th January 1908 and Papou built a beautiful home and furnished it with the best furniture which he bought from a shop in Pireaus owned by an in.law J.Venathis. The house was started on the 15th May and completed on the 28th November 1908.

Lianos family home on Kythera, built by my grandfather, George Lianos

Unfortunately he was persuaded by some in-laws to lend them money for their business ventures and then refused to repay him. As he was not receiving the monies due to him from his investments in Australia from his in-laws whom he trusted, he was forced to return to Australia to investigate things. His intention was to return to Greece in a couple of years. So in October 1910, they left Cerigo (as it was called then) and arrived back in Australia on the 7th February 1911, and took over his shop from his brother-in-law Menas Comino and was shocked to see how little money there was for him. However he worked very hard and built the business up and started doing well again . During this time another son Menas, was born on the 1th April 1911 and business was really booming. But he was too trusting of his in-laws and was tricked by them once again and he had many business problems as a result of their actions. About this time another daughter Coralia was born on the 24th April 1913.

At the end of 1912, he intended to sell up everything and return to Greec but once again he was persuaded by his in-laws to do otherwise and made bad decisions which cost him dearly. He opened a lolly shop and milk bar in Elizabeth St. Sydney but again he had bad partners and lost a lot of money. Another son Theodore was born on the 13th December 1914.

Then war had started in Europe in 1914, and business plunged dramatically because the soldiers behaved like larrikins and refused to pay for food and drinks and threatened to smash the windows (which they did once) if he complained. It was a bad time for all shopkeepers. He then went into business at 661 George St,and it was from there that his first daughter Stella married John Aroney in the 1st August 1917, and the wedding reception was held at the George St business and the 100 guests sang and danced till 2.a.m. It was the first genuine Cerigotis wedding held in Australia.

Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, owned by the Comino brothers - my grandmothers uncles, c 1900

Business was improving and his landlord then offered to sell him the shop and the one next door but the price was too high and he refused. It was then sold to a Theo Marks and when the current lease expired, his terms for a new lease were excessive and not worth while considering. But he had bills to pay, the wine licence and fittings being a few things to pay. His brother-in-law Menas told him that if he walked away from everything, because the bills were so small no one would chase him for it. But it was bad advice. With his wife and family and new son Socrates born on the 20th January 1918 they left Sydney for Murwillimbah where his daughter Stella and her husband John were in business and John offered him a small shop next door to theirs to open a business. But Theo Marks in Sydney did not walk away from monies owing to him and sent a summons to Murwillumbah. The severe flu epidemic had hit Australia and Papou was ill and unable to go to Sydney to defend the summons so he was declared bankrupt.

But things were no better in Murwillumbah as John Aroney had sold the small shop to help his brother return to Greece, and would not give Papou a larger share of his shop as compensation for the money he had put in renovating the smaller shop. They returned to Sydney and settled in Palmer St. Papou was out of work for five months and only Emanuel was working. He worked in Uncle Mena's and Uncle Nicholas' shop making five to ten gallons of ice cream every morning and serving in the restaurant at night. This helped to pay off the bankruptcy so that his father would not dip into the little money he had left.

Papou then opened a shop in Oxford St and fitted it out but it was not a success and he had to close it. And that was the last of his money. Another daughter Diamantoula was born on the 4th August 1920. Then in October 1921, they decided to go to Gunnedah and bought a broken down shop which he renovated completely as a milk bar. He put in a soda fountain and the business started to build up. It was there that great plans were made for the future and Papou thought he was on his way again at last.

But as the saying goes "Man proposes and God disposes" and so it was with my Grandfather.

Another son Constantine was born on the 4th October 1922. There were eleven children born to Agapi and George Lianos.

My mother with her 10 brothers and sisters

Back row: Aspacia, Menas, Theodora and Stavroula. Seated: Theodore, Diamantoula, Emanuel, Anthony, Socrates, Coralia and Constantine sitting on stool.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos later in life – in 1942

My grandmother died soon after this photograph was taken, at age 62, in July 1942.

The photograph of my grandfather in 1960, surrounded by his eleven children, heads this entry.

8 remaining children of George and Agapi Lianos, 1987, in Uncle Tony's home, in Killarney Heights

Gravesite of the Lianos family, Botany Cemetery, Sydney
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Diaspora Vintage Portraits/ People

My mother with her 10 brothers and sisters

My Grandparents were Agapi and George Lianos from Kythera,Greece. Papou was born on the 9th June1873 in the village of Liananika to Emmanuel and Relia, farm owners. He was the only son and had four sisters, Irene, Kerani, Marigo and Stavroula. Agapi's birth date was in 1867.

[[picture:"1001L.jpg" ID:20462]]

He worked on the farm with his parents and at the age of twenty four married Agapi the seventeen year old daughter of Anthony and Theodora Comino on the 15th February 1897.

His parents gave them some land with a two room house on it and it was there that their first child Stavroula was born on the 31st July 1898. But conditions were very hard in Kythera so they decided that Papou should go to Australia to try his luck. Also his wife's brothers, Dimitrios, Menas and Nicholas,and her Uncles Zacharias and Ioanis Comino, were already settled in Sydney, which would be a great help to him, he hoped.

He arrived in Pireaus on 16th September 1898 where he arranged his papers and passport and arranged for his passage to Sydney. On the 20th September 1898 he left on an Egyptian Steam boat for Port Said where he stayed for several days. Then on the 28th September 1898 he boarded a new German steamer called the Barbarossa, and set sail for his new life in Australia.

After a lovely and uneventful trip he arrived at Circular Quay Sydney on the 30th of October 1898 and was met by his brothers-in-law and taken to lodgings and instructed in what was to be his life for some time to come. A bad joke was played on him by his brothers-in-law, who had put him in a bug infested room on his first night in Australia, but then gave him a room in one of their homes.

And it was hard. From the 3rd November 1898 he had to get up at 3.a.m. to go to the markets to collect oysters and fish and bring the produce back to the cellar and clean the fish and open the oysters. He then had to go upstairs to scrub the floor, clean the tables and wash the cutlery in preparation for the evening work in the restaurant. Then he had to go back to the cellar to open more oysters. Then it was back to the pantry to wash up the cutlery and dishes from the restaurant after it closed. He went to bed at midnight, and then the routine started again. He had Sundays off but had to clean his room and wash his clothes. Then he dressed up in the best clothes he had and went for a walk in the Domain but he had to be home by 5p.m. to prepare himself for the next day. And so it went on.

[[picture:"Margetis 8_0011B.jpg" ID:20463]]

Agapi and George Lianos with Emmanuel and Stavroula.

During the next four years he had a series of good and bad experiences in business and family dealings, but he was finally doing well enough to bring his wife and child to join him. In November 1900 they were a united family again. They worked very hard in the latest business they had purchased which was very successful. Their first child to be born in Australia was Emmanuel born on 3rd January 1903. Their next child was Theodora born on 29th January 1905, and on 20th March 1907 another daughter Aspacia was born. He then made the decision to return to Greece and on the16th April 1907 left on the Orient Liner Ormes.
However Theodora became very ill and they had to disembark at Colombo, a decision which saved her life. They stayed there for fifteen days and continued on their journey on the Ortona, and arrived in Pireaus on the 7th June 1907, where they stayed for fifteen days and then travelled to their intended destination Agia Pelagia where they were greeted with great joy by his father and sisters. From there they travelled to their village Liananika and were greeted with great enthusiam by the villagers.

They spent the next few years (3yrs and 10mths to be exact) having a happy time. During this time another son Anthony was born on the 28th January 1908 and Papou built a beautiful home and furnished it with the best furniture which he bought from a shop in Pireaus owned by an in.law J.Venathis. The house was started on the 15th May and completed on the 28th November 1908.

[[picture:"1001M.jpg" ID:20464]]

Unfortunately he was persuaded by some in-laws to lend them money for their business ventures and then refused to repay him. As he was not receiving the monies due to him from his investments in Australia from his in-laws whom he trusted, he was forced to return to Australia to investigate things. His intention was to return to Greece in a couple of years. So in October 1910, they left Cerigo (as it was called then) and arrived back in Australia on the 7th February 1911, and took over his shop from his brother-in-law Menas Comino and was shocked to see how little money there was for him. However he worked very hard and built the business up and started doing well again . During this time another son Menas, was born on the 1th April 1911 and business was really booming. But he was too trusting of his in-laws and was tricked by them once again and he had many business problems as a result of their actions. About this time another daughter Coralia was born on the 24th April 1913.

At the end of 1912, he intended to sell up everything and return to Greec but once again he was persuaded by his in-laws to do otherwise and made bad decisions which cost him dearly. He opened a lolly shop and milk bar in Elizabeth St. Sydney but again he had bad partners and lost a lot of money. Another son Theodore was born on the 13th December 1914.

Then war had started in Europe in 1914, and business plunged dramatically because the soldiers behaved like larrikins and refused to pay for food and drinks and threatened to smash the windows (which they did once) if he complained. It was a bad time for all shopkeepers. He then went into business at 661 George St,and it was from there that his first daughter Stella married John Aroney in the 1st August 1917, and the wedding reception was held at the George St business and the 100 guests sang and danced till 2.a.m. It was the first genuine Cerigotis wedding held in Australia.

[[picture:"1001N.jpg" ID:20465]]

This a photograph of the Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, Sydney, owned by the Comino brothers and taken at the turn of the 20th Century.

Business was improving and his landlord then offered to sell him the shop and the one next door but the price was too high and he refused. It was then sold to a Theo Marks and when the current lease expired, his terms for a new lease were excessive and not worth while considering. But he had bills to pay, the wine licence and fittings being a few things to pay. His brother-in-law Menas told him that if he walked away from everything, because the bills were so small no one would chase him for it. But it was bad advice. With his wife and family and new son Socrates born on the 20th January 1918 they left Sydney for Murwillimbah where his daughter Stella and her husband John were in business and John offered him a small shop next door to theirs to open a business. But Theo Marks in Sydney did not walk away from monies owing to him and sent a summons to Murwillumbah. The severe flu epidemic had hit Australia and Papou was ill and unable to go to Sydney to defend the summons so he was declared bankrupt.

But things were no better in Murwillumbah as John Aroney had sold the small shop to help his brother return to Greece, and would not give Papou a larger share of his shop as compensation for the money he had put in renovating the smaller shop. They returned to Sydney and settled in Palmer St. Papou was out of work for five months and only Emanuel was working. He worked in Uncle Mena's and Uncle Nicholas' shop making five to ten gallons of ice cream every morning and serving in the restaurant at night. This helped to pay off the bankruptcy so that his father would not dip into the little money he had left.

Papou then opened a shop in Oxford St and fitted it out but it was not a success and he had to close it. And that was the last of his money. Another daughter Diamantoula was born on the 4th August 1920. Then in October 1921, they decided to go to Gunnedah and bought a broken down shop which he renovated completely as a milk bar. He put in a soda fountain and the business started to build up. It was there that great plans were made for the future and Papou thought he was on his way again at last.

But as the saying goes "Man proposes and God disposes" and so it was with my Grandfather.

Another son Constantine was born on the 4th October 1922. There were eleven children born to Agapi and George Lianos.

Back row: Aspacia, Menas, Theodora and Stavroula. Seated: Theodore, Diamantoula, Emanuel, Anthony, Socrates, Coralia and Constantine sitting on stool.

Photograph taken in 1960.

Photograph taken at Uncle Tony's house in 1987.

Agapi and George Lianos.
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Cafes, Shops & Cinemas

Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, owned by the Comino brothers - my grandmothers uncles

It is the building immediately next to the Hotel in the right hand side corner.

The Life story of George and Agapi Lianos

The Lianos Comino Odyssey


My Grandparents were Agapi and George Lianos from Kythera,Greece. Papou was born on the 9th June1873 in the village of Liananika to Emmanuel and Relia, farm owners. He was the only son and had four sisters, Irene, Kerani, Marigo and Stavroula. Agapi's birth date was in 1867.

He worked on the farm with his parents and at the age of twenty four married Agapi the seventeen year old daughter of Anthony and Theodora Comino on the 15th February 1897.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos c. 1900

His parents gave them some land with a two room house on it and it was there that their first child Stavroula was born on the 31st July 1898. But conditions were very hard in Kythera so they decided that Papou should go to Australia to try his luck. Also his wife's brothers, Dimitrios, Menas and Nicholas,and her Uncles Zacharias and Ioanis Comino, were already settled in Sydney, which would be a great help to him, he hoped.

He arrived in Pireaus on 16th September 1898 where he arranged his papers and passport and arranged for his passage to Sydney. On the 20th September 1898 he left on an Egyptian Steam boat for Port Said where he stayed for several days. Then on the 28th September 1898 he boarded a new German steamer called the Barbarossa, and set sail for his new life in Australia.

After a lovely and uneventful trip he arrived at Circular Quay Sydney on the 30th of October 1898 and was met by his brothers-in-law and taken to lodgings and instructed in what was to be his life for some time to come. A bad joke was played on him by his brothers-in-law, who had put him in a bug infested room on his first night in Australia, but then gave him a room in one of their homes.

And it was hard. From the 3rd November 1898 he had to get up at 3.a.m. to go to the markets to collect oysters and fish and bring the produce back to the cellar and clean the fish and open the oysters. He then had to go upstairs to scrub the floor, clean the tables and wash the cutlery in preparation for the evening work in the restaurant. Then he had to go back to the cellar to open more oysters. Then it was back to the pantry to wash up the cutlery and dishes from the restaurant after it closed. He went to bed at midnight, and then the routine started again. He had Sundays off but had to clean his room and wash his clothes. Then he dressed up in the best clothes he had and went for a walk in the Domain but he had to be home by 5p.m. to prepare himself for the next day. And so it went on.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos, early in their married life, with Emmanuel and Stavroula

During the next four years he had a series of good and bad experiences in business and family dealings, but he was finally doing well enough to bring his wife and child to join him. In November 1900 they were a united family again. They worked very hard in the latest business they had purchased which was very successful. Their first child to be born in Australia was Emmanuel born on 3rd January 1903. Their next child was Theodora born on 29th January 1905, and on 20th March 1907 another daughter Aspacia was born. He then made the decision to return to Greece and on the16th April 1907 left on the Orient Liner Ormes.

However Theodora became very ill and they had to disembark at Colombo, a decision which saved her life. They stayed there for fifteen days and continued on their journey on the Ortona, and arrived in Pireaus on the 7th June 1907, where they stayed for fifteen days and then travelled to their intended destination Agia Pelagia where they were greeted with great joy by his father and sisters. From there they travelled to their village Liananika and were greeted with great enthusiam by the villagers.

They spent the next few years (3yrs and 10mths to be exact) having a happy time. During this time another son Anthony was born on the 28th January 1908 and Papou built a beautiful home and furnished it with the best furniture which he bought from a shop in Pireaus owned by an in.law J.Venathis. The house was started on the 15th May and completed on the 28th November 1908.

Lianos family home on Kythera, built by my grandfather, George Lianos

Unfortunately he was persuaded by some in-laws to lend them money for their business ventures and then refused to repay him. As he was not receiving the monies due to him from his investments in Australia from his in-laws whom he trusted, he was forced to return to Australia to investigate things. His intention was to return to Greece in a couple of years. So in October 1910, they left Cerigo (as it was called then) and arrived back in Australia on the 7th February 1911, and took over his shop from his brother-in-law Menas Comino and was shocked to see how little money there was for him. However he worked very hard and built the business up and started doing well again . During this time another son Menas, was born on the 1th April 1911 and business was really booming. But he was too trusting of his in-laws and was tricked by them once again and he had many business problems as a result of their actions. About this time another daughter Coralia was born on the 24th April 1913.

At the end of 1912, he intended to sell up everything and return to Greec but once again he was persuaded by his in-laws to do otherwise and made bad decisions which cost him dearly. He opened a lolly shop and milk bar in Elizabeth St. Sydney but again he had bad partners and lost a lot of money. Another son Theodore was born on the 13th December 1914.

Then war had started in Europe in 1914, and business plunged dramatically because the soldiers behaved like larrikins and refused to pay for food and drinks and threatened to smash the windows (which they did once) if he complained. It was a bad time for all shopkeepers. He then went into business at 661 George St,and it was from there that his first daughter Stella married John Aroney in the 1st August 1917, and the wedding reception was held at the George St business and the 100 guests sang and danced till 2.a.m. It was the first genuine Cerigotis wedding held in Australia.

A photograph of the Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, owned by the Comino brothers - my grandmothers uncles, c. 1900, heads this entry.

Business was improving and his landlord then offered to sell him the shop and the one next door but the price was too high and he refused. It was then sold to a Theo Marks and when the current lease expired, his terms for a new lease were excessive and not worth while considering. But he had bills to pay, the wine licence and fittings being a few things to pay. His brother-in-law Menas told him that if he walked away from everything, because the bills were so small no one would chase him for it. But it was bad advice. With his wife and family and new son Socrates born on the 20th January 1918 they left Sydney for Murwillimbah where his daughter Stella and her husband John were in business and John offered him a small shop next door to theirs to open a business. But Theo Marks in Sydney did not walk away from monies owing to him and sent a summons to Murwillumbah. The severe flu epidemic had hit Australia and Papou was ill and unable to go to Sydney to defend the summons so he was declared bankrupt.

But things were no better in Murwillumbah as John Aroney had sold the small shop to help his brother return to Greece, and would not give Papou a larger share of his shop as compensation for the money he had put in renovating the smaller shop. They returned to Sydney and settled in Palmer St. Papou was out of work for five months and only Emanuel was working. He worked in Uncle Mena's and Uncle Nicholas' shop making five to ten gallons of ice cream every morning and serving in the restaurant at night. This helped to pay off the bankruptcy so that his father would not dip into the little money he had left.

Papou then opened a shop in Oxford St and fitted it out but it was not a success and he had to close it. And that was the last of his money. Another daughter Diamantoula was born on the 4th August 1920. Then in October 1921, they decided to go to Gunnedah and bought a broken down shop which he renovated completely as a milk bar. He put in a soda fountain and the business started to build up. It was there that great plans were made for the future and Papou thought he was on his way again at last.

But as the saying goes "Man proposes and God disposes" and so it was with my Grandfather.

Another son Constantine was born on the 4th October 1922. There were eleven children born to Agapi and George Lianos.

My mother with her 10 brothers and sisters

Back row: Aspacia, Menas, Theodora and Stavroula. Seated: Theodore, Diamantoula, Emanuel, Anthony, Socrates, Coralia and Constantine sitting on stool.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos later in life – in 1942

My grandmother died soon after this photograph was taken, at age 62, in July 1942.

My grandfather in 1960, surrounded by his eleven children

8 remaining children of George and Agapi Lianos, 1987, in Uncle Tony's home, in Killarney Heights

Gravesite of the Lianos family, Botany Cemetery, Sydney
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Architecture

Lianos family home on Kythera, built by my grandfather, George Lianos

The Life story of George and Agapi Lianos

The Lianos Comino Odyssey


My Grandparents were Agapi and George Lianos from Kythera,Greece. Papou was born on the 9th June1873 in the village of Liananika to Emmanuel and Relia, farm owners. He was the only son and had four sisters, Irene, Kerani, Marigo and Stavroula. Agapi's birth date was in 1867.

He worked on the farm with his parents and at the age of twenty four married Agapi the seventeen year old daughter of Anthony and Theodora Comino on the 15th February 1897.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos c. 1900

His parents gave them some land with a two room house on it and it was there that their first child Stavroula was born on the 31st July 1898. But conditions were very hard in Kythera so they decided that Papou should go to Australia to try his luck. Also his wife's brothers, Dimitrios, Menas and Nicholas,and her Uncles Zacharias and Ioanis Comino, were already settled in Sydney, which would be a great help to him, he hoped.

He arrived in Pireaus on 16th September 1898 where he arranged his papers and passport and arranged for his passage to Sydney. On the 20th September 1898 he left on an Egyptian Steam boat for Port Said where he stayed for several days. Then on the 28th September 1898 he boarded a new German steamer called the Barbarossa, and set sail for his new life in Australia.

After a lovely and uneventful trip he arrived at Circular Quay Sydney on the 30th of October 1898 and was met by his brothers-in-law and taken to lodgings and instructed in what was to be his life for some time to come. A bad joke was played on him by his brothers-in-law, who had put him in a bug infested room on his first night in Australia, but then gave him a room in one of their homes.

And it was hard. From the 3rd November 1898 he had to get up at 3.a.m. to go to the markets to collect oysters and fish and bring the produce back to the cellar and clean the fish and open the oysters. He then had to go upstairs to scrub the floor, clean the tables and wash the cutlery in preparation for the evening work in the restaurant. Then he had to go back to the cellar to open more oysters. Then it was back to the pantry to wash up the cutlery and dishes from the restaurant after it closed. He went to bed at midnight, and then the routine started again. He had Sundays off but had to clean his room and wash his clothes. Then he dressed up in the best clothes he had and went for a walk in the Domain but he had to be home by 5p.m. to prepare himself for the next day. And so it went on.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos, early in their married life, with Emmanuel and Stavroula

During the next four years he had a series of good and bad experiences in business and family dealings, but he was finally doing well enough to bring his wife and child to join him. In November 1900 they were a united family again. They worked very hard in the latest business they had purchased which was very successful. Their first child to be born in Australia was Emmanuel born on 3rd January 1903. Their next child was Theodora born on 29th January 1905, and on 20th March 1907 another daughter Aspacia was born. He then made the decision to return to Greece and on the16th April 1907 left on the Orient Liner Ormes.

However Theodora became very ill and they had to disembark at Colombo, a decision which saved her life. They stayed there for fifteen days and continued on their journey on the Ortona, and arrived in Pireaus on the 7th June 1907, where they stayed for fifteen days and then travelled to their intended destination Agia Pelagia where they were greeted with great joy by his father and sisters. From there they travelled to their village Liananika and were greeted with great enthusiam by the villagers.

They spent the next few years (3yrs and 10mths to be exact) having a happy time. During this time another son Anthony was born on the 28th January 1908 and Papou built a beautiful home and furnished it with the best furniture which he bought from a shop in Pireaus owned by an in.law J.Venathis. The house was started on the 15th May and completed on the 28th November 1908.

The Lianos family home on Kythera, built by my grandfather, George Lianos, is depicted at the head of this entry.
Unfortunately he was persuaded by some in-laws to lend them money for their business ventures and then refused to repay him. As he was not receiving the monies due to him from his investments in Australia from his in-laws whom he trusted, he was forced to return to Australia to investigate things. His intention was to return to Greece in a couple of years. So in October 1910, they left Cerigo (as it was called then) and arrived back in Australia on the 7th February 1911, and took over his shop from his brother-in-law Menas Comino and was shocked to see how little money there was for him. However he worked very hard and built the business up and started doing well again . During this time another son Menas, was born on the 1th April 1911 and business was really booming. But he was too trusting of his in-laws and was tricked by them once again and he had many business problems as a result of their actions. About this time another daughter Coralia was born on the 24th April 1913.

At the end of 1912, he intended to sell up everything and return to Greec but once again he was persuaded by his in-laws to do otherwise and made bad decisions which cost him dearly. He opened a lolly shop and milk bar in Elizabeth St. Sydney but again he had bad partners and lost a lot of money. Another son Theodore was born on the 13th December 1914.

Then war had started in Europe in 1914, and business plunged dramatically because the soldiers behaved like larrikins and refused to pay for food and drinks and threatened to smash the windows (which they did once) if he complained. It was a bad time for all shopkeepers. He then went into business at 661 George St,and it was from there that his first daughter Stella married John Aroney in the 1st August 1917, and the wedding reception was held at the George St business and the 100 guests sang and danced till 2.a.m. It was the first genuine Cerigotis wedding held in Australia.

Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, owned by the Comino brothers - my grandmothers uncles, c 1900

Business was improving and his landlord then offered to sell him the shop and the one next door but the price was too high and he refused. It was then sold to a Theo Marks and when the current lease expired, his terms for a new lease were excessive and not worth while considering. But he had bills to pay, the wine licence and fittings being a few things to pay. His brother-in-law Menas told him that if he walked away from everything, because the bills were so small no one would chase him for it. But it was bad advice. With his wife and family and new son Socrates born on the 20th January 1918 they left Sydney for Murwillimbah where his daughter Stella and her husband John were in business and John offered him a small shop next door to theirs to open a business. But Theo Marks in Sydney did not walk away from monies owing to him and sent a summons to Murwillumbah. The severe flu epidemic had hit Australia and Papou was ill and unable to go to Sydney to defend the summons so he was declared bankrupt.

But things were no better in Murwillumbah as John Aroney had sold the small shop to help his brother return to Greece, and would not give Papou a larger share of his shop as compensation for the money he had put in renovating the smaller shop. They returned to Sydney and settled in Palmer St. Papou was out of work for five months and only Emanuel was working. He worked in Uncle Mena's and Uncle Nicholas' shop making five to ten gallons of ice cream every morning and serving in the restaurant at night. This helped to pay off the bankruptcy so that his father would not dip into the little money he had left.

Papou then opened a shop in Oxford St and fitted it out but it was not a success and he had to close it. And that was the last of his money. Another daughter Diamantoula was born on the 4th August 1920. Then in October 1921, they decided to go to Gunnedah and bought a broken down shop which he renovated completely as a milk bar. He put in a soda fountain and the business started to build up. It was there that great plans were made for the future and Papou thought he was on his way again at last.

But as the saying goes "Man proposes and God disposes" and so it was with my Grandfather.

Another son Constantine was born on the 4th October 1922. There were eleven children born to Agapi and George Lianos.

My mother with her 10 brothers and sisters

Back row: Aspacia, Menas, Theodora and Stavroula. Seated: Theodore, Diamantoula, Emanuel, Anthony, Socrates, Coralia and Constantine sitting on stool.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos later in life – in 1942

My grandmother died soon after this photograph was taken, at age 62, in July 1942.

My grandfather in 1960, surrounded by his eleven children

8 remaining children of George and Agapi Lianos, 1987, in Uncle Tony's home, in Killarney Heights

Gravesite of the Lianos family, Botany Cemetery, Sydney
Open full entry
Diaspora Vintage Portraits/ People

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos, early in their married life

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos, early in their married life, with Emmanuel and Stavroula

The Life story of George and Agapi Lianos

The Lianos Comino Odyssey


My Grandparents were Agapi and George Lianos from Kythera,Greece. Papou was born on the 9th June1873 in the village of Liananika to Emmanuel and Relia, farm owners. He was the only son and had four sisters, Irene, Kerani, Marigo and Stavroula. Agapi's birth date was in 1867.

He worked on the farm with his parents and at the age of twenty four married Agapi the seventeen year old daughter of Anthony and Theodora Comino on the 15th February 1897.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos c. 1900

His parents gave them some land with a two room house on it and it was there that their first child Stavroula was born on the 31st July 1898. But conditions were very hard in Kythera so they decided that Papou should go to Australia to try his luck. Also his wife's brothers, Dimitrios, Menas and Nicholas,and her Uncles Zacharias and Ioanis Comino, were already settled in Sydney, which would be a great help to him, he hoped.

He arrived in Pireaus on 16th September 1898 where he arranged his papers and passport and arranged for his passage to Sydney. On the 20th September 1898 he left on an Egyptian Steam boat for Port Said where he stayed for several days. Then on the 28th September 1898 he boarded a new German steamer called the Barbarossa, and set sail for his new life in Australia.

After a lovely and uneventful trip he arrived at Circular Quay Sydney on the 30th of October 1898 and was met by his brothers-in-law and taken to lodgings and instructed in what was to be his life for some time to come. A bad joke was played on him by his brothers-in-law, who had put him in a bug infested room on his first night in Australia, but then gave him a room in one of their homes.

And it was hard. From the 3rd November 1898 he had to get up at 3.a.m. to go to the markets to collect oysters and fish and bring the produce back to the cellar and clean the fish and open the oysters. He then had to go upstairs to scrub the floor, clean the tables and wash the cutlery in preparation for the evening work in the restaurant. Then he had to go back to the cellar to open more oysters. Then it was back to the pantry to wash up the cutlery and dishes from the restaurant after it closed. He went to bed at midnight, and then the routine started again. He had Sundays off but had to clean his room and wash his clothes. Then he dressed up in the best clothes he had and went for a walk in the Domain but he had to be home by 5p.m. to prepare himself for the next day. And so it went on.

The photograph which heads this entry, depicts my Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos, early in their married life, with Emmanuel and Stavroula.

During the next four years he had a series of good and bad experiences in business and family dealings, but he was finally doing well enough to bring his wife and child to join him. In November 1900 they were a united family again. They worked very hard in the latest business they had purchased which was very successful. Their first child to be born in Australia was Emmanuel born on 3rd January 1903. Their next child was Theodora born on 29th January 1905, and on 20th March 1907 another daughter Aspacia was born. He then made the decision to return to Greece and on the16th April 1907 left on the Orient Liner Ormes.

However Theodora became very ill and they had to disembark at Colombo, a decision which saved her life. They stayed there for fifteen days and continued on their journey on the Ortona, and arrived in Pireaus on the 7th June 1907, where they stayed for fifteen days and then travelled to their intended destination Agia Pelagia where they were greeted with great joy by his father and sisters. From there they travelled to their village Liananika and were greeted with great enthusiam by the villagers.

They spent the next few years (3yrs and 10mths to be exact) having a happy time. During this time another son Anthony was born on the 28th January 1908 and Papou built a beautiful home and furnished it with the best furniture which he bought from a shop in Pireaus owned by an in.law J.Venathis. The house was started on the 15th May and completed on the 28th November 1908.

Lianos family home on Kythera, built by my grandfather, George Lianos

Unfortunately he was persuaded by some in-laws to lend them money for their business ventures and then refused to repay him. As he was not receiving the monies due to him from his investments in Australia from his in-laws whom he trusted, he was forced to return to Australia to investigate things. His intention was to return to Greece in a couple of years. So in October 1910, they left Cerigo (as it was called then) and arrived back in Australia on the 7th February 1911, and took over his shop from his brother-in-law Menas Comino and was shocked to see how little money there was for him. However he worked very hard and built the business up and started doing well again . During this time another son Menas, was born on the 1th April 1911 and business was really booming. But he was too trusting of his in-laws and was tricked by them once again and he had many business problems as a result of their actions. About this time another daughter Coralia was born on the 24th April 1913.

At the end of 1912, he intended to sell up everything and return to Greec but once again he was persuaded by his in-laws to do otherwise and made bad decisions which cost him dearly. He opened a lolly shop and milk bar in Elizabeth St. Sydney but again he had bad partners and lost a lot of money. Another son Theodore was born on the 13th December 1914.

Then war had started in Europe in 1914, and business plunged dramatically because the soldiers behaved like larrikins and refused to pay for food and drinks and threatened to smash the windows (which they did once) if he complained. It was a bad time for all shopkeepers. He then went into business at 661 George St,and it was from there that his first daughter Stella married John Aroney in the 1st August 1917, and the wedding reception was held at the George St business and the 100 guests sang and danced till 2.a.m. It was the first genuine Cerigotis wedding held in Australia.

Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, owned by the Comino brothers - my grandmothers uncles, c 1900

Business was improving and his landlord then offered to sell him the shop and the one next door but the price was too high and he refused. It was then sold to a Theo Marks and when the current lease expired, his terms for a new lease were excessive and not worth while considering. But he had bills to pay, the wine licence and fittings being a few things to pay. His brother-in-law Menas told him that if he walked away from everything, because the bills were so small no one would chase him for it. But it was bad advice. With his wife and family and new son Socrates born on the 20th January 1918 they left Sydney for Murwillimbah where his daughter Stella and her husband John were in business and John offered him a small shop next door to theirs to open a business. But Theo Marks in Sydney did not walk away from monies owing to him and sent a summons to Murwillumbah. The severe flu epidemic had hit Australia and Papou was ill and unable to go to Sydney to defend the summons so he was declared bankrupt.

But things were no better in Murwillumbah as John Aroney had sold the small shop to help his brother return to Greece, and would not give Papou a larger share of his shop as compensation for the money he had put in renovating the smaller shop. They returned to Sydney and settled in Palmer St. Papou was out of work for five months and only Emanuel was working. He worked in Uncle Mena's and Uncle Nicholas' shop making five to ten gallons of ice cream every morning and serving in the restaurant at night. This helped to pay off the bankruptcy so that his father would not dip into the little money he had left.

Papou then opened a shop in Oxford St and fitted it out but it was not a success and he had to close it. And that was the last of his money. Another daughter Diamantoula was born on the 4th August 1920. Then in October 1921, they decided to go to Gunnedah and bought a broken down shop which he renovated completely as a milk bar. He put in a soda fountain and the business started to build up. It was there that great plans were made for the future and Papou thought he was on his way again at last.

But as the saying goes "Man proposes and God disposes" and so it was with my Grandfather.

Another son Constantine was born on the 4th October 1922. There were eleven children born to Agapi and George Lianos.

My mother with her 10 brothers and sisters

Back row: Aspacia, Menas, Theodora and Stavroula. Seated: Theodore, Diamantoula, Emanuel, Anthony, Socrates, Coralia and Constantine sitting on stool.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos later in life – in 1942

My grandmother died soon after this photograph was taken, at age 62, in July 1942.

My grandfather in 1960, surrounded by his eleven children

8 remaining children of George and Agapi Lianos, 1987, in Uncle Tony's home, in Killarney Heights

Gravesite of the Lianos family, Botany Cemetery, Sydney
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Diaspora Vintage Portraits/ People

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos & their life story

The Lianos Comino Osyssey

My Grandparents were Agapi and George Lianos from Kythera,Greece. Papou was born on the 9th June1873 in the village of Liananika to Emmanuel and Relia, farm owners. He was the only son and had four sisters, Irene, Kerani, Marigo and Stavroula. Agapi's birth date was in 1867.

He worked on the farm with his parents and at the age of twenty four married Agapi the seventeen year old daughter of Anthony and Theodora Comino on the 15th February 1897.

His parents gave them some land with a two room house on it and it was there that their first child Stavroula was born on the 31st July 1898. But conditions were very hard in Kythera so they decided that Papou should go to Australia to try his luck. Also his wife's brothers, Dimitrios, Menas and Nicholas,and her Uncles Zacharias and Ioanis Comino, were already settled in Sydney, which would be a great help to him, he hoped.

He arrived in Pireaus on 16th September 1898 where he arranged his papers and passport and arranged for his passage to Sydney. On the 20th September 1898 he left on an Egyptian Steam boat for Port Said where he stayed for several days. Then on the 28th September 1898 he boarded a new German steamer called the Barbarossa, and set sail for his new life in Australia.

After a lovely and uneventful trip he arrived at Circular Quay Sydney on the 30th of October 1898 and was met by his brothers-in-law and taken to lodgings and instructed in what was to be his life for some time to come. A bad joke was played on him by his brothers-in-law, who had put him in a bug infested room on his first night in Australia, but then gave him a room in one of their homes.

And it was hard. From the 3rd November 1898 he had to get up at 3.a.m. to go to the markets to collect oysters and fish and bring the produce back to the cellar and clean the fish and open the oysters. He then had to go upstairs to scrub the floor, clean the tables and wash the cutlery in preparation for the evening work in the restaurant. Then he had to go back to the cellar to open more oysters. Then it was back to the pantry to wash up the cutlery and dishes from the restaurant after it closed. He went to bed at midnight, and then the routine started again. He had Sundays off but had to clean his room and wash his clothes. Then he dressed up in the best clothes he had and went for a walk in the Domain but he had to be home by 5p.m. to prepare himself for the next day. And so it went on.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos, early in their married life, with Emmanuel and Stavroula

During the next four years he had a series of good and bad experiences in business and family dealings, but he was finally doing well enough to bring his wife and child to join him. In November 1900 they were a united family again. They worked very hard in the latest business they had purchased which was very successful. Their first child to be born in Australia was Emmanuel born on 3rd January 1903. Their next child was Theodora born on 29th January 1905, and on 20th March 1907 another daughter Aspacia was born. He then made the decision to return to Greece and on the16th April 1907 left on the Orient Liner Ormes.

However Theodora became very ill and they had to disembark at Colombo, a decision which saved her life. They stayed there for fifteen days and continued on their journey on the Ortona, and arrived in Pireaus on the 7th June 1907, where they stayed for fifteen days and then travelled to their intended destination Agia Pelagia where they were greeted with great joy by his father and sisters. From there they travelled to their village Liananika and were greeted with great enthusiam by the villagers.

They spent the next few years (3yrs and 10mths to be exact) having a happy time. During this time another son Anthony was born on the 28th January 1908 and Papou built a beautiful home and furnished it with the best furniture which he bought from a shop in Pireaus owned by an in.law J.Venathis. The house was started on the 15th May and completed on the 28th November 1908.

Lianos family home on Kythera, built by my grandfather, George Lianos

Unfortunately he was persuaded by some in-laws to lend them money for their business ventures and then refused to repay him. As he was not receiving the monies due to him from his investments in Australia from his in-laws whom he trusted, he was forced to return to Australia to investigate things. His intention was to return to Greece in a couple of years. So in October 1910, they left Cerigo (as it was called then) and arrived back in Australia on the 7th February 1911, and took over his shop from his brother-in-law Menas Comino and was shocked to see how little money there was for him. However he worked very hard and built the business up and started doing well again . During this time another son Menas, was born on the 1th April 1911 and business was really booming. But he was too trusting of his in-laws and was tricked by them once again and he had many business problems as a result of their actions. About this time another daughter Coralia was born on the 24th April 1913.

At the end of 1912, he intended to sell up everything and return to Greec but once again he was persuaded by his in-laws to do otherwise and made bad decisions which cost him dearly. He opened a lolly shop and milk bar in Elizabeth St. Sydney but again he had bad partners and lost a lot of money. Another son Theodore was born on the 13th December 1914.

Then war had started in Europe in 1914, and business plunged dramatically because the soldiers behaved like larrikins and refused to pay for food and drinks and threatened to smash the windows (which they did once) if he complained. It was a bad time for all shopkeepers. He then went into business at 661 George St,and it was from there that his first daughter Stella married John Aroney in the 1st August 1917, and the wedding reception was held at the George St business and the 100 guests sang and danced till 2.a.m. It was the first genuine Cerigotis wedding held in Australia.

Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, owned by the Comino brothers - my grandmothers uncles, c 1900

Business was improving and his landlord then offered to sell him the shop and the one next door but the price was too high and he refused. It was then sold to a Theo Marks and when the current lease expired, his terms for a new lease were excessive and not worth while considering. But he had bills to pay, the wine licence and fittings being a few things to pay. His brother-in-law Menas told him that if he walked away from everything, because the bills were so small no one would chase him for it. But it was bad advice. With his wife and family and new son Socrates born on the 20th January 1918 they left Sydney for Murwillimbah where his daughter Stella and her husband John were in business and John offered him a small shop next door to theirs to open a business. But Theo Marks in Sydney did not walk away from monies owing to him and sent a summons to Murwillumbah. The severe flu epidemic had hit Australia and Papou was ill and unable to go to Sydney to defend the summons so he was declared bankrupt.

But things were no better in Murwillumbah as John Aroney had sold the small shop to help his brother return to Greece, and would not give Papou a larger share of his shop as compensation for the money he had put in renovating the smaller shop. They returned to Sydney and settled in Palmer St. Papou was out of work for five months and only Emanuel was working. He worked in Uncle Mena's and Uncle Nicholas' shop making five to ten gallons of ice cream every morning and serving in the restaurant at night. This helped to pay off the bankruptcy so that his father would not dip into the little money he had left.

Papou then opened a shop in Oxford St and fitted it out but it was not a success and he had to close it. And that was the last of his money. Another daughter Diamantoula was born on the 4th August 1920. Then in October 1921, they decided to go to Gunnedah and bought a broken down shop which he renovated completely as a milk bar. He put in a soda fountain and the business started to build up. It was there that great plans were made for the future and Papou thought he was on his way again at last.

But as the saying goes "Man proposes and God disposes" and so it was with my Grandfather.

Another son Constantine was born on the 4th October 1922. There were eleven children born to Agapi and George Lianos.

My mother with her 10 brothers and sisters

Back row: Aspacia, Menas, Theodora and Stavroula. Seated: Theodore, Diamantoula, Emanuel, Anthony, Socrates, Coralia and Constantine sitting on stool.

My Grandparents Agapi and George Lianos later in life – in 1942

My grandmother died soon after this photograph was taken, at age 62, in July 1942.

My grandfather in 1960, surrounded by his eleven children

8 remaining children of George and Agapi Lianos, 1987, in Uncle Tony's home, in Killarney Heights

Gravesite of the Lianos family, Botany Cemetery, Sydney
Open full entry
Life Stories

The Lianos Comino Odyssey

My Grandparents were Agapi and George Lianos from Kythera,Greece. Papou was born on the 9th June1873 in the village of Liananika to Emmanuel and Relia, farm owners. He was the only son and had four sisters, Irene, Kerani, Marigo and Stavroula. Agapi's birth date was in 1867.

[[picture:"1001L.jpg" ID:20462]]

George and Agapi in c. 1900.

He worked on the farm with his parents and at the age of twenty four married Agapi the seventeen year old daughter of Anthony and Theodora Comino on the 15th February 1897.

His parents gave them some land with a two room house on it and it was there that their first child Stavroula was born on the 31st July 1898. But conditions were very hard in Kythera so they decided that Papou should go to Australia to try his luck. Also his wife's brothers, Dimitrios, Menas and Nicholas,and her Uncles Zacharias and Ioanis Comino, were already settled in Sydney, which would be a great help to him, he hoped.

He arrived in Pireaus on 16th September 1898 where he arranged his papers and passport and arranged for his passage to Sydney. On the 20th September 1898 he left on an Egyptian Steam boat for Port Said where he stayed for several days. Then on the 28th September 1898 he boarded a new German steamer called the Barbarossa, and set sail for his new life in Australia.

After a lovely and uneventful trip he arrived at Circular Quay Sydney on the 30th of October 1898 and was met by his brothers-in-law and taken to lodgings and instructed in what was to be his life for some time to come. A bad joke was played on him by his brothers-in-law, who had put him in a bug infested room on his first night in Australia, but then gave him a room in one of their homes.

And it was hard. From the 3rd November 1898 he had to get up at 3.a.m. to go to the markets to collect oysters and fish and bring the produce back to the cellar and clean the fish and open the oysters. He then had to go upstairs to scrub the floor, clean the tables and wash the cutlery in preparation for the evening work in the restaurant. Then he had to go back to the cellar to open more oysters. Then it was back to the pantry to wash up the cutlery and dishes from the restaurant after it closed. He went to bed at midnight, and then the routine started again. He had Sundays off but had to clean his room and wash his clothes. Then he dressed up in the best clothes he had and went for a walk in the Domain but he had to be home by 5p.m. to prepare himself for the next day. And so it went on.

[[picture:"Margetis 8_0011B.jpg" ID:20463]]

Agapi and George Lianos with Emmanuel and Stavroula.

During the next four years he had a series of good and bad experiences in business and family dealings, but he was finally doing well enough to bring his wife and child to join him. In November 1900 they were a united family again. They worked very hard in the latest business they had purchased which was very successful. Their first child to be born in Australia was Emmanuel born on 3rd January 1903. Their next child was Theodora born on 29th January 1905, and on 20th March 1907 another daughter Aspacia was born. He then made the decision to return to Greece and on the16th April 1907 left on the Orient Liner Ormes.
However Theodora became very ill and they had to disembark at Colombo, a decision which saved her life. They stayed there for fifteen days and continued on their journey on the Ortona, and arrived in Pireaus on the 7th June 1907, where they stayed for fifteen days and then travelled to their intended destination Agia Pelagia where they were greeted with great joy by his father and sisters. From there they travelled to their village Liananika and were greeted with great enthusiam by the villagers.

They spent the next few years (3yrs and 10mths to be exact) having a happy time. During this time another son Anthony was born on the 28th January 1908 and Papou built a beautiful home and furnished it with the best furniture which he bought from a shop in Pireaus owned by an in.law J.Venathis. The house was started on the 15th May and completed on the 28th November 1908.

[[picture:"1001M.jpg" ID:20464]]

Lianos family home, Kythera

Unfortunately he was persuaded by some in-laws to lend them money for their business ventures and then refused to repay him. As he was not receiving the monies due to him from his investments in Australia from his in-laws whom he trusted, he was forced to return to Australia to investigate things. His intention was to return to Greece in a couple of years. So in October 1910, they left Cerigo (as it was called then) and arrived back in Australia on the 7th February 1911, and took over his shop from his brother-in-law Menas Comino and was shocked to see how little money there was for him. However he worked very hard and built the business up and started doing well again . During this time another son Menas, was born on the 1th April 1911 and business was really booming. But he was too trusting of his in-laws and was tricked by them once again and he had many business problems as a result of their actions. About this time another daughter Coralia was born on the 24th April 1913.

At the end of 1912, he intended to sell up everything and return to Greec but once again he was persuaded by his in-laws to do otherwise and made bad decisions which cost him dearly. He opened a lolly shop and milk bar in Elizabeth St. Sydney but again he had bad partners and lost a lot of money. Another son Theodore was born on the 13th December 1914.

Then war had started in Europe in 1914, and business plunged dramatically because the soldiers behaved like larrikins and refused to pay for food and drinks and threatened to smash the windows (which they did once) if he complained. It was a bad time for all shopkeepers. He then went into business at 661 George St,and it was from there that his first daughter Stella married John Aroney in the 1st August 1917, and the wedding reception was held at the George St business and the 100 guests sang and danced till 2.a.m. It was the first genuine Cerigotis wedding held in Australia.

[[picture:"1001N.jpg" ID:20465]]

This a photograph of the Cosmopolitan Oyster Parlour in Pitt St, Sydney, owned by the Comino brothers and taken at the turn of the 20th Century.

Business was improving and his landlord then offered to sell him the shop and the one next door but the price was too high and he refused. It was then sold to a Theo Marks and when the current lease expired, his terms for a new lease were excessive and not worth while considering. But he had bills to pay, the wine licence and fittings being a few things to pay. His brother-in-law Menas told him that if he walked away from everything, because the bills were so small no one would chase him for it. But it was bad advice. With his wife and family and new son Socrates born on the 20th January 1918 they left Sydney for Murwillimbah where his daughter Stella and her husband John were in business and John offered him a small shop next door to theirs to open a business. But Theo Marks in Sydney did not walk away from monies owing to him and sent a summons to Murwillumbah. The severe flu epidemic had hit Australia and Papou was ill and unable to go to Sydney to defend the summons so he was declared bankrupt.

But things were no better in Murwillumbah as John Aroney had sold the small shop to help his brother return to Greece, and would not give Papou a larger share of his shop as compensation for the money he had put in renovating the smaller shop. They returned to Sydney and settled in Palmer St. Papou was out of work for five months and only Emanuel was working. He worked in Uncle Mena's and Uncle Nicholas' shop making five to ten gallons of ice cream every morning and serving in the restaurant at night. This helped to pay off the bankruptcy so that his father would not dip into the little money he had left.

Papou then opened a shop in Oxford St and fitted it out but it was not a success and he had to close it. And that was the last of his money. Another daughter Diamantoula was born on the 4th August 1920. Then in October 1921, they decided to go to Gunnedah and bought a broken down shop which he renovated completely as a milk bar. He put in a soda fountain and the business started to build up. It was there that great plans were made for the future and Papou thought he was on his way again at last.

But as the saying goes "Man proposes and God disposes" and so it was with my Grandfather.

Another son Constantine was born on the 4th October 1922. There were eleven children born to Agapi and George Lianos.

[[picture:"1008A.jpg" ID:20466]]

Back row: Aspacia, Menas, Theodora and Stavroula. Seated: Theodore, Diamantoula, Emanuel, Anthony, Socrates, Coralia and Constantine sitting on stool.

[[picture:"1008B.jpg"
ID:20467]]

My grandfather in 1960, surrounded by his eleven children.

[[picture:"1008D.jpg" ID:20468]]

Photograph taken at Uncle Tony's house in 1987.

[[picture:"1001P5.jpg" ID:20469]]

Agapi and George Lianos, in 1942. My grandmother died at age 62, in July 1942.

[[picture:"Sc002C.jpg" ID:20470]]

Gravesite of the Lianos family, Botany cemetery, Sydney.
Open full entry

Ellen Argyriou.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos sister.jpg" ID:6307]]

Ellen, was the Project Home Economist and Food Editor for, The 200 years History Of Australian Home Cooking, published in 1988, to celebrate Australia's Bicentennial Year.

The following entry derives from that book:

"Ellen trained as a teacher of Home Economics at the Sydney Teachers’ College, and taught here and in England. She then entered the industry side of Home Economics, working for two leading Advertising Agencies.
Ellen married and lived in a number of countries before returning to Australia in 1980.
She is now [1988] with The NSW Department of Technical and Further Education, passing on her knowledge of the many aspects of practical Home Economics to students.
The recipes in this book show her love of cooking and the scope of her food knowledge.
She has also written the Magnificent Micro wave Cookbook for Toshiba".

Ellen Argyriou & Tess Mallos

"...are sisters and this is the first time they have joined forces on a book. Their father, Anthony Calopades, was 11 years old when he immigrated in 1897 on his own; their mother, Kaliope, arrived in 1927. Their four children were born in Casino, New South Wales. Memories of the family garden are still vivid - okra, artichokes, eggplants, zucchini, capsicums, endive and dill flourished in the warm climate, and at a time when these were foreign to the Australian kitchen. The sisters initially learned to cook from their mother, who was adept at cooking Australian dishes as well as Greek".

Beans

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Beans.jpg" ID:6297]]

Bean Varieties

1. Butter beans.
2. Red kidney beans.
3. Chick peas or garbanzo beans.
4. Borlotli or cranberry beans — three varieties are shown to illustrate differences in shadings and markings. Also known as Roman beans.
5. Lima beans — large white, small green and small white.
6. Egptian brown beans (ful).
7. Haricot, navy or pea beans.
8. Pinto beans.
9. Black-eyed beans or peas, also known as cowpeas.
10. Brown beans, also known as Dutch or African brown beans.
11. Brown and green lentils, also known as continental lentils.
12. Split red lentils.
13. Mung beans or green gratn.
14. Black beans — Chinese.
15. Adzuki beans.
16. Soya beans.
17. Broad beans.
18. Great Northern beans, often sold as cannellini beans.
19 Black beans — Mexican. Also known as turtle beans.
20. Pink beans.
21. Lupins.
22. Saluggia beans — often sold as cranberry beans.
23. Yellow split peas.
24. Green split peas.

[[picture:"Têss Mallos Beans Part 2.jpg" ID:6299]]
General History

Greek cuisine. History of the influence on Australian cooking. Kythera and Kytherians, prominent.

From,

The 200 years History of Australian Cooking
Polly Book Publishing Company Pty Ltd
Balmain.
1988
ISBN 0 947110 01 1


Grecian Gifts

Greece and Cyprus


As with other cuisines, those of Greece and Cyprus have given their particular gifts to the Australian kitchen by various means. However the early Grecian gifts bestowed on the people of their new land had little to do with Greek food, but a great deal to do with enriching the fabric of the Australian way of life.

There is hardly an Australian with memories of the first 60 years of the 20th century who would not also have memories of the Greek cafe, milk bar or refreshment rooms. They were to be found in every city and most country townships (particularly in the eastern States). Rather than introducing Greek foods, cafe owners quickly learned to prepare Australian meals.

Early decor was often in the Classic style with timber panelling, padded booths, marble-topped tables and bentwood chairs, back-bar fittings of carved timber and mirrors, gleaming soda fountains and confectionery counters. The dark interiors were a cool oasis in the heat of summer.

In the early years ice-cream was made on the premises, and with ice-cream sodas, sundaes, parfaits, milk shakes and fr&sh fruit drinks, offered cool solace to the heat-weary. They were a meeting place for young people, a place for commercial travellers or out-of-towners to have a meal, or a place for afternoon tea. Meals were familiar — steak and eggs, lamb chops, mixed grills, sausages, meat pies, fried fish, salads and even roasts.

A few Greek migrants in the mid- 1800s, many attracted by the gold rush, did open restaurants in Melbourne; the earliest of these were George Morphesis from Ithaca who arrived in 1849, and Andreas Lekatsas (Lucas) who arrived in 1854. Both opened restaurants in 1869,
Lucas had two grand establishments, the Town Hall and Paris Cafes, and an open-air restaurant in Kew Gardens.

The birth of the traditional Greek cafe is attributed to Kytherian Athanasios Comino, who arrived in Sydney in 1877 He worked as a labourer until a stroll down Oxford Street pointed him to a new endeavour. Hunger drew him to a fish-and-chips shop owned by a Welshman. As Comino’s order was being prepared, he realised that cooking fish and chips was easy enough even for an inexperienced cook. In 1879 he opened a shop a few doors down; handling fish was second nature to island-born Greeks. Relatives came out and opened other shops, and the Comino name in fish shops, oyster bars and oyster leases was famous into the 1900s.

Other Kytherians followed. Most worked in established fish shops, cafes and restaurants gaining experience and learned enough English to open places of their own. As new ideas in the refreshment area emerged, they were introduced; the soda fountain was one of them. Constantine and Peter Soulos, with Anthony Loizos, came to Sydney in 1910 from America. In 1912 they formed the Anglo-American Company and opened two shops in George Street and one on Manly’s Corso, modelled on the American drug store soda bar, introducing the soda fountain to Australia.

The next addition was the milk bar, again an American idea. Mick Adams (he changed his namefrom Joachim Tavlaidis), was 16 when he came to Sydney in 1908. After working in various jobs and is owning a cafe in George Street, he took a trip tthe U.S.A. and brought back the milk bar concept. In November, 1932, Adams opened Australia’s first proper milk bar, the Black and White, at 24 Martin Place. In five years 4,000 milk bars operated in Australia, all incorporated into existing soda bars. Dairy farmers of the day must have been very grateful to Mick Adams!

Katoomba’s Paragon Restaurant is indicitive rif early Greek cafes and refreshment rooms. The National Trust declared the Paragon a place worthy of preservation; this survivor of a bygone era earned its classification because of all it represents.

Zacharia Simos came from Kythera to Sydney in 1912 and in 1916 chose Katoomba for his shop. It started as a small tearoom, extended in stages up to 1936. The original soda fountain is still there, but the soda water now comes from bottles. Simos began making chocolates, cakes and meat pies on the premises in the 1920s, and introduced baklava and kataifi pastries in the 1930s, probably the first to do so commercially in Australia. A pastrycook from Athens made the fib pastry and the kataifi shredded pastry, tasks which took considerable time and skill. Paragon hand-made chocolates and confectionery are still made to original recipes and the restaurant menu is little changed. Simos’s widow, Mary, still runs the shop, often nostalgically visited by succeeding generations of early Paragon customers.
Besides being the ethnic group which virtually fed Australia more than any other group, there was one contribution of particular importance to our table and to exports. With the development of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, dried-fruit production, especially raisins, currants and sultanas, became an important industry But there were teething problems. The dried vine fruits, particularly sultanas, were not of the quality which could demand high prices in London; the best quality fruits were from Greece and Smyrna.

The 1920 purge of Greeks from Asia Minor resulted t in many coming to Australia. Four of them found t their way to Mildura, worked in the vineyards t during harvest and informed growers they were not drying the sultanas correctly In return for land and advances to establish their own vineyard, the Greeks educated the growers as to the correct procedures for cold dipping; the hot dipping used previously had caused the problems. They also introduced the Greek method of cincturing vines, a form of ring-barking, increasing fruit yields per acre twenty-fold.

As immigration from Greece and Cyprus increased from the 1950s, so did demands for the foods of their kitchen. While early Greek settlers confined their cuisine to their own table, growing their special vegetables and buying their cheeses and other favoured foods from Greek delicatessens, the marketplace was ready for the wider introduction of Greek foods.

Fib pastry has become so naturalised that its place in the Australian kitchen indicates the multi-cultural influences in our developing cuisine. It was first made in Sydney and Melbourne for those of Greek and Lebanese descent. Panos, the Paragon’s pastrycook, eventually opened his own shop in Melbourne. In the late 1940s Chris Koumi came from Cyprus and made fib and kataifi at his Athens Cake Shop in Bourke Street, Sydney Harry Larcos, also from Cyprus, learned the art from Koumi, married the boss’s daughter, and in the early 1960s opened a factory to make fib mechanically The Dutch-made machines are based on a Viennese invention for strudel pastry A large food company took over the business and production moved to Melbourne.

Chris Antoniou, another Cypriot Greek, arrived in 1952 and began business in 1961. Besides supplying shops and supermarkets with fresh fib and kataifi, the company prepares pastries such as spinach pie and cheese triangles, packaged and ready for baking.

Jim Atexopoubos (Alex) arrived from Piraeus in 1956 and began making Greek-style yogurt. Attiki yogurt is keenly sought by connoisseurs of traditional Greek yogurts, and despite intense competition, is still one of the best.

The first Greek cheesemaker in Australia was George Yoannidis, who came out in 1938. After working in Victoria he moved his family to Mount Gambier, South Australia, in 1951 and started his factory at Eight Mile Creek in 1960. Today the company is run by his sons, George and Stan, making Feta, Kefalotyri and Haloumy (plaited in the Lebanese style), as well as Italian cheeses and the famed Eight Mile Creek Cheddar.

From the time of the Cominos, many Greeks have worked in some aspect of Australia’s seafood industry. Major cities have their seafood wholesale entrepreneurs of Greek descent such as Marine Food Distributors (Harry Larcos and relatives), P Manettas & Co. and Poulos Bros of Sydney; Melbourne’s Jim Racovolis; Angelakis Bros of Adelaide and the two Kailis concerns in Perth.

Coffee has long been a favoured Greek beverage, so it was natural that Greek migrants would become involved in this business. John Andronicus left Kythera in 1907 at the age of 13. After living with brothers in West Maitland and Tamworth and completing his eduction, in 1910 Andronicus joined another two brothers in Sydney in their tea and coffee business relocated at 197 George Street. By 1936 Andronicus and his wife, Kathleen, were the sole proprietors of Andronicus Coffee and Tea, also famous for its chocolates. The business struggled until American servicemen based in Australia popularised coffee drinking.

Sons Charles and George joined their father in the early 1950s. In 1961 the sons opened their own wholesale company Andronicus Coffee Pty Ltd, and through vigorous promotion made Andronicus a household name for coffee devotees, and the hospitality industry.

Despite all the activity in food industries and businesses, it was only in relatively recent years that Greek cooking entered the Australian kitchen. Australians travelling to Greece fell in love with Greece, its islands and its foods. The occasional recipe appeared in cookery editorials and cookbooks, but it was not until Tess Mallos’s Greek Cookbook was published in 1976 that Greek cooking found a larger following.

Tess Mallos’s father had first worked in Comino fish shops when he arrived from Kythera in 1897 Anthony Calopades was 11 years old when sent out to his godfather, Antonious Comino. He worked in the Oxford Street fish shop for three months while attending school, then moved to other shops. He became an expert oyster opener and whenever Samuel Hordern (of retail fame) took a party onto his yacht in the early 1900s, Calopades was also taken aboard, with his oyster knife and a bag of oysters, to supply freshly opened oysters for the guests. He wouldn’t have dared fry up some calamari for them — the squid would have been thrown overboard.
Open full entry

Greek Cooking. Influence on the Australian cuisine. Kytherian influence prominent.

From,

The 200 years History of Australian Cooking
Polly Book Publishing Company Pty Ltd
Balmain.
1988
ISBN 0 947110 01 1


Grecian Gifts

Greece and Cyprus


As with other cuisines, those of Greece and Cyprus have given their particular gifts to the Australian kitchen by various means. However the early Grecian gifts bestowed on the people of their new land had little to do with Greek food, but a great deal to do with enriching the fabric of the Australian way of life.

There is hardly an Australian with memories of the first 60 years of the 20th century who would not also have memories of the Greek cafe, milk bar or refreshment rooms. They were to be found in every city and most country townships (particularly in the eastern States). Rather than introducing Greek foods, cafe owners quickly learned to prepare Australian meals.

Early decor was often in the Classic style with timber panelling, padded booths, marble-topped tables and bentwood chairs, back-bar fittings of carved timber and mirrors, gleaming soda fountains and confectionery counters. The dark interiors were a cool oasis in the heat of summer.

In the early years ice-cream was made on the premises, and with ice-cream sodas, sundaes, parfaits, milk shakes and fr&sh fruit drinks, offered cool solace to the heat-weary. They were a meeting place for young people, a place for commercial travellers or out-of-towners to have a meal, or a place for afternoon tea. Meals were familiar — steak and eggs, lamb chops, mixed grills, sausages, meat pies, fried fish, salads and even roasts.

A few Greek migrants in the mid- 1800s, many attracted by the gold rush, did open restaurants in Melbourne; the earliest of these were George Morphesis from Ithaca who arrived in 1849, and Andreas Lekatsas (Lucas) who arrived in 1854. Both opened restaurants in 1869,
Lucas had two grand establishments, the Town Hall and Paris Cafes, and an open-air restaurant in Kew Gardens.

The birth of the traditional Greek cafe is attributed to Kytherian Athanasios Comino, who arrived in Sydney in 1877 He worked as a labourer until a stroll down Oxford Street pointed him to a new endeavour. Hunger drew him to a fish-and-chips shop owned by a Welshman. As Comino’s order was being prepared, he realised that cooking fish and chips was easy enough even for an inexperienced cook. In 1879 he opened a shop a few doors down; handling fish was second nature to island-born Greeks. Relatives came out and opened other shops, and the Comino name in fish shops, oyster bars and oyster leases was famous into the 1900s.

Other Kytherians followed. Most worked in established fish shops, cafes and restaurants gaining experience and learned enough English to open places of their own. As new ideas in the refreshment area emerged, they were introduced; the soda fountain was one of them. Constantine and Peter Soulos, with Anthony Loizos, came to Sydney in 1910 from America. In 1912 they formed the Anglo-American Company and opened two shops in George Street and one on Manly’s Corso, modelled on the American drug store soda bar, introducing the soda fountain to Australia.

The next addition was the milk bar, again an American idea. Mick Adams (he changed his namefrom Joachim Tavlaidis), was 16 when he came to Sydney in 1908. After working in various jobs and is owning a cafe in George Street, he took a trip tthe U.S.A. and brought back the milk bar concept. In November, 1932, Adams opened Australia’s first proper milk bar, the Black and White, at 24 Martin Place. In five years 4,000 milk bars operated in Australia, all incorporated into existing soda bars. Dairy farmers of the day must have been very grateful to Mick Adams!

Katoomba’s Paragon Restaurant is indicitive rif early Greek cafes and refreshment rooms. The National Trust declared the Paragon a place worthy of preservation; this survivor of a bygone era earned its classification because of all it represents.

Zacharia Simos came from Kythera to Sydney in 1912 and in 1916 chose Katoomba for his shop. It started as a small tearoom, extended in stages up to 1936. The original soda fountain is still there, but the soda water now comes from bottles. Simos began making chocolates, cakes and meat pies on the premises in the 1920s, and introduced baklava and kataifi pastries in the 1930s, probably the first to do so commercially in Australia. A pastrycook from Athens made the fib pastry and the kataifi shredded pastry, tasks which took considerable time and skill. Paragon hand-made chocolates and confectionery are still made to original recipes and the restaurant menu is little changed. Simos’s widow, Mary, still runs the shop, often nostalgically visited by succeeding generations of early Paragon customers.
Besides being the ethnic group which virtually fed Australia more than any other group, there was one contribution of particular importance to our table and to exports. With the development of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, dried-fruit production, especially raisins, currants and sultanas, became an important industry But there were teething problems. The dried vine fruits, particularly sultanas, were not of the quality which could demand high prices in London; the best quality fruits were from Greece and Smyrna.

The 1920 purge of Greeks from Asia Minor resulted t in many coming to Australia. Four of them found t their way to Mildura, worked in the vineyards t during harvest and informed growers they were not drying the sultanas correctly In return for land and advances to establish their own vineyard, the Greeks educated the growers as to the correct procedures for cold dipping; the hot dipping used previously had caused the problems. They also introduced the Greek method of cincturing vines, a form of ring-barking, increasing fruit yields per acre twenty-fold.

As immigration from Greece and Cyprus increased from the 1950s, so did demands for the foods of their kitchen. While early Greek settlers confined their cuisine to their own table, growing their special vegetables and buying their cheeses and other favoured foods from Greek delicatessens, the marketplace was ready for the wider introduction of Greek foods.

Fib pastry has become so naturalised that its place in the Australian kitchen indicates the multi-cultural influences in our developing cuisine. It was first made in Sydney and Melbourne for those of Greek and Lebanese descent. Panos, the Paragon’s pastrycook, eventually opened his own shop in Melbourne. In the late 1940s Chris Koumi came from Cyprus and made fib and kataifi at his Athens Cake Shop in Bourke Street, Sydney Harry Larcos, also from Cyprus, learned the art from Koumi, married the boss’s daughter, and in the early 1960s opened a factory to make fib mechanically The Dutch-made machines are based on a Viennese invention for strudel pastry A large food company took over the business and production moved to Melbourne.

Chris Antoniou, another Cypriot Greek, arrived in 1952 and began business in 1961. Besides supplying shops and supermarkets with fresh fib and kataifi, the company prepares pastries such as spinach pie and cheese triangles, packaged and ready for baking.

Jim Atexopoubos (Alex) arrived from Piraeus in 1956 and began making Greek-style yogurt. Attiki yogurt is keenly sought by connoisseurs of traditional Greek yogurts, and despite intense competition, is still one of the best.

The first Greek cheesemaker in Australia was George Yoannidis, who came out in 1938. After working in Victoria he moved his family to Mount Gambier, South Australia, in 1951 and started his factory at Eight Mile Creek in 1960. Today the company is run by his sons, George and Stan, making Feta, Kefalotyri and Haloumy (plaited in the Lebanese style), as well as Italian cheeses and the famed Eight Mile Creek Cheddar.

From the time of the Cominos, many Greeks have worked in some aspect of Australia’s seafood industry. Major cities have their seafood wholesale entrepreneurs of Greek descent such as Marine Food Distributors (Harry Larcos and relatives), P Manettas & Co. and Poulos Bros of Sydney; Melbourne’s Jim Racovolis; Angelakis Bros of Adelaide and the two Kailis concerns in Perth.

Coffee has long been a favoured Greek beverage, so it was natural that Greek migrants would become involved in this business. John Andronicus left Kythera in 1907 at the age of 13. After living with brothers in West Maitland and Tamworth and completing his eduction, in 1910 Andronicus joined another two brothers in Sydney in their tea and coffee business relocated at 197 George Street. By 1936 Andronicus and his wife, Kathleen, were the sole proprietors of Andronicus Coffee and Tea, also famous for its chocolates. The business struggled until American servicemen based in Australia popularised coffee drinking.

Sons Charles and George joined their father in the early 1950s. In 1961 the sons opened their own wholesale company Andronicus Coffee Pty Ltd, and through vigorous promotion made Andronicus a household name for coffee devotees, and the hospitality industry.

Despite all the activity in food industries and businesses, it was only in relatively recent years that Greek cooking entered the Australian kitchen. Australians travelling to Greece fell in love with Greece, its islands and its foods. The occasional recipe appeared in cookery editorials and cookbooks, but it was not until Tess Mallos’s Greek Cookbook was published in 1976 that Greek cooking found a larger following.

Tess Mallos’s father had first worked in Comino fish shops when he arrived from Kythera in 1897 Anthony Calopades was 11 years old when sent out to his godfather, Antonious Comino. He worked in the Oxford Street fish shop for three months while attending school, then moved to other shops. He became an expert oyster opener and whenever Samuel Hordern (of retail fame) took a party onto his yacht in the early 1900s, Calopades was also taken aboard, with his oyster knife and a bag of oysters, to supply freshly opened oysters for the guests. He wouldn’t have dared fry up some calamari for them — the squid would have been thrown overboard.

Yoghurt Cake. Yaourtopita.

Cooking time: 50-60 minutes

Oven temperature: 180C (350F)

¾ cup butter
1 cup caster sugar
½ teaspoon grated lemon rind
4 eggs, separated
2½ cups plain flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
1 teaspoon bicarbonate of soda
1/4 teaspoon salt
¾ cup yoghurt

1 Cream butter and sugar with lemon rind until light.
2 Add egg yolks and beat well.
3 Sift dry ingredients three times and add to batter alternately with yoghurt.
4 Beat egg whites until stiff and fold gently into batter.
5 Pour into a buttered and floured 23 cm (9 inch) deep-sided cake tin or tube pan and cook in a moderate oven for 50-60 minutes or until cooked when tested.
6 Cool on a wire rack and dust with icing sugar before serving.

Variation:
1 Make a syrup of ½ cup each sugar and water, boiled for 10 minutes with a strip of lemon rind and a small stick of cinnamon.
2 Place cooled cake on a plate and spoon hot, strained syrup over cake — do not dust with icing sugar.
3 Serve with whipped cream as a dessert cake.

From,

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Pickled peppers. Piperies Toursi.

5 cups water
3 tablespoons rock salt
750 g (1½ lb) long Hungarian peppers
2 garlic cloves
2 hot chilli peppers, fresh or dried

Spiced Vinegar:

5 cups white vinegar
1 tablespoon whole allspice (pimento)
4 cloves
½ teaspoon peppercorns
2 bay leaves
½ cup sugar (optional)

1 Stir salt into water and bring to the boil.
2 Leave until cool.
3 Wash peppers and trim stems without remUving them completely.
4 Place peppers in a large bowl and cover with cooled brine.
5 Leave for 24 hours.
6 Drain and rinse thoroughly with cold water.
7 Pack into two sterilised jars adding a halved garlic clove and a hot chilli pepper to each.
8 Cover peppers with strained, boiling hot vinegar and seal.
9 Store for at least 3 weeks before using.

To make Spiced Vinegar:

1 Place vinegar, spices and sugar (if used) in a pan, bring to the boil and simmer gently for 5 minutes.
2 Strain and reheat to boiling point when required.

Note: The traditional Greek pickles do not have sugar, but some cooks use it since it improves the flavour.

From,

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Custard Pie. Galataboureko.

Serves: 12

Cooking time: 1 hour

Oven temperature: 180C (375F)

4 cups milk
¾ cup sugar
¾ cup fine semolina
¼ cup butter
grated rind of ½ lemon
8 cm (3 inch) cinnamon stick
pinch of salt
5 eggs, lightly beaten
1 teaspoon vanilla essence
250 g (8 oz) fillo pastry
¾ cup melted, unsalted butter
Syrup:
1 cup sugar
1 cup water
5 cm (3 in) cinnamon stick
2 teaspoons lemon juice
thinly peeled strip of lemon rind


1 Mix milk, sugar, semolina, lemon rind, Cinnamon stick and salt in a heavy-based saucepan and heat until thickened, stirring constantly.
2 Let custard bubble gently over low heat for 5 minutes.
3 Take from heat and remove cinnamon stick.
4 Cover with a piece of buttered paper to prevent skin forming.
5 When cool blend in eggs and vanilla.
6 Butter a 33 X 23 x 5 cm (13 X 9 X 2 inch) oven dish.
7 Place half of the fillo pastry sheets (about 5 sheets) in the dish, brushing each sheet with the melted butter.
8 Pour in custard and top with remaining sheets, again brushing each with butter as it is placed in position.
9 Brush top with remaining butter and score through top three sheets of fillo in 8 cm (3 inch) squares or diamonds.
10 Trim edges and bake in a moderate oven for 45 minutes until golden brown and custard is set when tested with a knife.
11 Remove from oven and cool thoroughly in the dish.
12 Make Syrup: Place ingredients in a heavy-based saucepan and stir over heat until sugar dissolves. Bring to the boil and boil over medium heat for 12 minutes.
13 Strain into a jug, cool to lukewarm and pour evenly over the pie.
14 Leave until cool before serving
.


Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The Complete Middle East Cookbook. Tess Mallos.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos The Complete Middle East Cookbook.jpg" ID:6204]]

The Complete Middle East Cookbook.
Illustrated by Photography, Norman Nicholls
1979.Mcraw Hill. USA.

Weights Volmes & Liquid Measures. A Guide.

The metric weights and metric fluid measures used in the Greek Cookbook refer to those of the The Standards Association of Australia (AS 1325 1972). A good set of scales, a graduated Australian Standard measuring cup and a set of Australian Standard measuring spoons will be most helpful. These are available at leading hardware and kitchenware stores.

The Australian Standard measuring cup has a capacity of 250 millilitres (250ml)

The Australian Standard tablespoon has a capacity of 20 millilitres (20 ml).

The Australian Standard teaspoon has a capacity of 5 millilitres (5 ml).

Note: For successful cooking use either metric weights and mesures or imperial weights and measures - do not use a mixture of the two.


Weight, Volume and Liquid Measures

In all recipes, imperial equivalents of metric measures are shown in parentheses, e.g. 500 g (1 lb) young beef. Although the metric yield of a cup of weighted measures is approximately 10% greater, the proportions remain the same.

The following tables are extracted from conversion equivalents adopted by the Cookery Sector Committee of the Metric Conversion Board, (Australia).

Imperial....................................................................Metric

Liquid.....................Cup.....................Cup.....................Liquid
Measures...........Measures............Measures............Measures


........................................is replaced by

1floz ...................................................................................30ml
2 fl oz......................¼ cup.....................¼ cup
...............................1/3 cup...................1/3cup
3floz...................................................................................100ml
4 fl oz (¼pintUS).......½cup......................½ cup
5floz¼pintImp......................................................................150ml
...............................2/3 cup...................2/3cup
6 fl oz......................3/4cup....................3/4 cup
8 fl oz (½pintUS).......1cup.......................1 cup
10floz½pintImp)........1¼cup....................1¼ cup
12 fl oz....................1½cup....................1½ cup
14 fl oz.....................13/4cup..................13/4 cup
16 fl oz (1pintUS).......2cup.......................2 cup
20floz½pintImp)........2½cup....................2½ cup


Mass(Weight).............................................Mass (Weight)

½oz......................is replaced by ....................15gms (g)1oz.......................is replaced by ....................30gms
2oz.......................is replaced by ....................60gms
3oz.......................is replaced by ....................90gms
4oz (¼ lb).............is replaced by ....................125gms
6oz.......................is replaced by ....................185gms
8oz (½ lb).............is replaced by ....................250gms
12oz (¼ lb)............is replaced by ....................375gms
16oz (1 lb).............is replaced by ....................500gms (0.5 kg)
24oz (1½ lb)..........is replaced by ....................750gms
32oz (2 lb).............is replaced by ....................1000gms (1 kg)
3 lb.......................is replaced by ....................1500gms (1.5 kg)
4 lb.......................is replaced by ....................2000gms (2 kg)


Important Points

New Zealand, Canadian,
and American weights and measures are the same except that the Australian Standard measuring tablespoon has a capacity of 20 millilitres (20 ml) whereas the New Zealand, Canadian and American Standard measuring tablespoons have a capacity of 15 millilitres (15ml). Therefore, all tablespoon measures should be taken generously in New Zealand, Canada, and America.

Although accurate measuring is not crucial for many recipes, it is important that standard measures be used for baked goods. The baked goods recipes in this book have been tested with both the 250 ml cup and the 8 fl. oz cup. When using the latter, the only area where the ingredients do not decrease proportionately is in the eggs used. However, it is only neceassry to reduce the egg sizes. Use 60 g (2 oz) eggs with the 250 ml cup; use 55 g (13/4 oz) eggs with the 8 fl. oz cup. 1 cup butter is equivalent to 250 g or 8 oz (U.S.2 sticks).

It is also important to note that the imperial pint (Australia and New Zealand) has a capacity of 20 fl. oz, whereas the Canadian and American pint has a capacity of 16 fl. oz.


Oven Temperature guide

Description
of oven....................Celcius ºC...................Fahrenheit ºF


Cool............................100..............................200
Very slow.....................120..............................250 Slow............................150..............................300
Moderately Slow...........160..............................325
Moderate......................180..............................350
Moderately Hot..............200..............................400
Hot...............................220..............................425
Very hot........................230..............................450

The above temperatures relate in general to electric oven. Decrease by 10ºC OR 25ºF for gas ovens or refer to the manufactuer's temperature guide. For temperatures below 160ºC (325ºF) DO do not decrease the given temperature. For fan-forced ovens, check manufacturer's guide.


From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Lamb stew with zucchini. Arni Yahni.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Lamb stew with zucchini.jpg" ID:6201]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Lamb Stew. Arni Yahni.

Serves: 6 Cooking time: 1½ hours

1 kg (2 lb) boneless lamb shoulder
or
1.5 kg (3 lb) lamb stewing chops
2 tablespoons butter or oil
1 large onion, chopped
2 garlic cloves, crushed
1 carrot, sliced
1/2 cup sliced celery
1 cup chopped, peeled tomatoes
1 tablespoon Tomato Paste (page 113)
½ cup red or white wine
½ cup stock or water
1 bay leaf
1 tablespoon chopped parsley
½ teaspoon sugar
salt and pepper
prepared vegetable (see end of ‘Method’)


1 Cut boneless lamb into large cubes; leave chops whole (if used), but trim off excess fat.
2 Brown lamb in butter or oil in a heavy-based saucepan or Dutch oven.
3 Remove to a plate when browned and add onion and garlic to pan.
4 Cook gently until onion is soft, return lamb to pan and add remaining ingredients except main vegetable to be used.
5 Cover and simmer gently for 1 hour.
6 Place prepared vegetable on top of lamb, spooning some of the sauce on top.
7 Cook for further 30 minutes or until lamb and vegetables are tender.
8 Serve with whole boiled or mashed potatoes, unless potatoes are added to the stew, and a tossed green salad.

Vegetable:

Prepare 500-750 g (1-1½ lb) of any one of the following vegetables:
eggplant; runner beans; potatoes; fresh green peas; zucchini; young broad beans topped and tailed and left whole; 8 cm (3 inch) lengths of blanched celery stalks; fresh or canned okra — if using canned okra add towards end of cooking time.


Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Rose petal jam & fig preserves.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Jams & Preserves.jpg" ID:6199]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Fig Preserves Syko Glyko

50 small green figs
blanched almonds (optional)
3 cups sugar
3 cups water
1 tablespoon lemon juice
thick strip of grapefruit or lemon peel


I Wash figs and trim stems.
2 Place figs in a large pan and cover with boiling water.
3 Bring to the boil and boil gently, uncovered, for 15 minutes.
4 Drain and rinse with hot water.
5 Return to pan and cover again with boiling water.
6 Repeat boiling and draining process four times in all.
7 Cook until figs are tender after last change of water (about 1 hour’s cooking in all).
8 Drain figs, rinse with cold water and spread out on paper towels to dry.
9 Insert a whole or split almond into base of each fig if desired.
10 In a clean pan bring sugar and water to the boil.
11 Add lemon juice and grapefruit or lemon peel and boil for 10 minutes.
12 Add figs and boil over moderate heat for 10 minutes, skimming when necessary.
13 Cover pan and leave overnight.
14 Next day bring pan contents slowly to the boil and boil gently until syrup is thick when tested.
15 Put figs and syrup into sterilised jars, seal and store in a cool place.

Testing syrup: Drip a little syrup onto a cold plate. If drops do not spread, syrup is ready. If you, have a sugar thermometer, cook to a temperature of 1050C (2200F).

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Spinach pie - Spanakopita

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Spinach pie.jpg" ID:6197]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Spanakopita

Serves: 6

Cooking time: 45 minutes

Oven temperature: 190C (375F)

750 g (1 1/2 lb) spinach
1/3 cup olive oil
1 cup chopped spring onions (green shallots/scallions)
125 g (4 oz) feta cheese, crumbled
1 cup cottage cheese
3 tablespoons grated kefalotiri or parmesan cheese
2 tablespoons chopped parsley
1 teaspoon chopped fresh dill or fennel (optional)
4 eggs, lightly beaten
1/4 teaspoon nutmeg
salt and pepper
250 g (8 oz) fillo pastry
olive oil for assembling pie



1 Cut roots from spinach if present and wash spinach well.
2 Shred coarsely and place in a vegetable steamer or colander over boiling water.
3 Cover and steam for 3-4 minutes to wilt spinach.
4 Drain in a colander and press well with the back of a large spoon to remove as much moisture as possible. Place in a bowl to cool.
5 Gently fry spring onions in oil until soft and add oil and onions to spinach.
6 Stir in cheeses, herbs, eggs, nutmeg and season to taste.
7 Lightly oil an oven dish, 35 x 25 cm (14 x 10 inches).
8 Line dish with 5 sheets of fillo pastry, brushing each sheet with oil.
9 Add spinach filling and spread evenly.
10 Moisten edges of top layer of fillo with water and place remainder of fillo on top, brushing each sheet with oil.
11 Trim fillo, leaving enough to tuck into sides of pie.
12 Brush top with oil and bake in a moderately hot oven for 45 minutes.
13 Remove from oven and let stand for 5 minutes before cutting into squares to serve as a first course. If served as a party snack, score top three layers of fillo with a craft knife into small squares or diamonds before cooking. Sprinkle top lightly with water after oiling to prevent pastry curling.


Note: Flaky or short crust pastry can replace fillo - quantity will need to be increased to fit dish used. Silver beet (chard) may be used instead of spinach - remove stems
and thick white centre section of leaves before weighing.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Almond pears, nut rolls, glace fruits, & Greek coffee

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Glace fruits and greek coffee.jpg" ID:6195]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Almond Pears - Amigthalota

Yield: 30

Cooking time: 20 minutes

Oven temperature: 160 C (325 F)

3 cups ground almonds
½ cup sifted icing (powdered)sugar
¼ cup egg whites (about 2 eggs)
½ teaspoon grated lemon rind
2 drops almond essence
whole cloves
additional icing sugar


1 Blend ground almonds with icing sugar measured after sifting.
2 Add lightly beaten egg whites with lemon rind and almond essence.
3 Mix to a firm dough with hands.
4 Clean hands and rub with a little butter to prevent dough sticking while shaping.
5 Break off small pieces of dough the size of a walnut and form into pear shapes.
6 Insert a whole clove into top of each to resemble stem and place upright on a buttered and floured baking tray.
7 Bake in a moderately slow oven for 20 minutes, covering with brown paper if tops begin to brown.
8 Sift 2 cups icing sugar into a bowl and dip hot Almond Pears into it.
9 Place on a wire rack to cool.
10 Sift remaining sugar from bowl into base of a storage container and arrange cooled Almond Pears upright in a single layer.
11 Sift more sugar thickly over tops and sides, seal and store for a day or two before using.

Note: These are excellent served with after-dinner coffee.


Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow
Miscellaneous

Almond pears, nut rolls, glace fruits & Greek coffee.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow
Open full entry

Honey Cookies - Melomacarona

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Honey cookies.jpg" ID:6194]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

HONEY COOKIES MELOMACARONA

Yield: 5 dozen

Cooking time: 20-25 minutes

Oven temperature: 180C (350F)

1 cup butter
¾ cup caster sugar
¾ cup maize or peanut oil
grated rind of 1 orange
6 cups plain flour
4 teaspoons baking powder
3/4 cup orange juice


Nut Filling (optional):

1 tablespoon honey
1-2 teaspoons orange juice
1½ teaspoons ground cinnamon
1½ cups finely chopped walnuts
2 drops almond essence


Honey Syrup:

1 cup sugar
1 cup water
1 cinnamon stick
thinly peeled strip of lemon rind
2 teaspoons lemon juice
1/4 cup honey


1 Beat butter and sugar with orange rind until creamy.
2 Gradually add oil and continue beating until mixture is very light and fluffy.
3 Stir in flour alternately with orange juice.
4 Knead dough lightly with hands for 1 minute.
5 Take a scant tablespoon of dough and flatten it a little.
6 Place a teaspoon of the nut filling in the centre and fold dough over to enclose filling.
7 Shape into ovals, pinching ends to a point.
8 Decorate tops with tines of a fork or by crimping cookies diagonally across top in four rows with special crimper (see end of ‘Method’).
9 Place on lightly greased baking trays and bake in a moderate oven for 20-25 minutes until golden brown.
10 Cool on wire racks.
11 Dip into boiling syrup, four at a time, turning cookies once. Leave in syrup 10 seconds in all, longer if well-soaked cookies are preferred.
12 Lift out onto a plate and leave until cool.

Note: If no nut filling is used, sprinkle tops with crushed walnuts or toasted sesame seeds and cinnamon. Only those which are to be served should be dipped; store remainder in an airtight container and dip when required.

To make Nut Filling:

Thin honey down with orange juice and blend into remaining ingredients.

To make Honey Syrup:

1 Place ingredients in a heavy-based saucepan and stir over heat until sugar dissolves.
2 Boil 10 minutes on medium heat, skimming as necessary.
3 Let syrup boil on medium heat while dipping cookies, adding a little water to syrup when it thickens too much during dipping.

Crimper:

Icing crimpers will be familiar to many pastrycooks and cake decorators who work with fondant icing. If you don’t own a crimper (or have never seen one), have the family handyman cut a piece of tin or aluminium plate about 2.5 x 10 cm (1 x 4 inches). Bend metal in half over a thin rod and cut 6 to 8 evenly spaced saw-like teeth on the narrow edges. Curl the ‘teeth’ slightly inwards.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Spinach with rice.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Spinach & Rice.jpg.jpg" ID:6191]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Roast goose with chestnut stuffing.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Goose with chestnuts.jpg" ID:6189]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Salad - Country style.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Salad.jpg" ID:6188]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Braised Chicken. Kotopoulo Karama.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Braised Chicken.jpg" ID:6185]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Braised beef and onions

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Braised beef and onions.jpg" ID:6183]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Skewered lamb on fou fou.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos skewed lamb on fou fou.jpg" ID:6181]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Lemon, orange & grapefruit rolls

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Fruit Balls.jpg" ID:6179]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Black and green olives, pickled peppers, eggplant pickle, & mixed pickles.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Olives & Pickles.jpg" ID:6177]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Fresh Spiny Lobsters.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Lobster.jpg" ID:6173]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Baklava, a perrenial favourite among Greek pastries.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Baklava.jpg" ID:6175]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow
Island Social Life

Metsovan women in traditional dress.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

This photograph from the First edition, 1976.

Do you have photographs of your family in traditional Kytherian dress?

From:

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia.
Open full entry
Working Life

"Kakavi" - "fish pot" - on beach.

There are many utensils, implements, tools, etc, that are used in rural/ocean cultures like Kythera, which have a distinct name.

Some like "Kakavi", are Greek, but many others - are distinctly Kytherian, or used in a special way on Kythera.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

This photograph, "Kakavi" - "fish pot" - on beach is from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia, and the world.
Open full entry

Dolmathakia Latheres. Stuffed grape vine leaves.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos, Dalmathes.jpg" ID:6146]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Recipe

Yield: 6 dozen
Cooking time: 1¼ hours

500 g (1 lb) preserved vine leaves
or
7 dozen fresh young vine leaves
2 large onions, finely chopped
3/4 cup olive oil
1 cup short grain rice
3 tablespoons pine nuts
3 tablespoons chopped parsley
2 teaspoons chopped mint
2 teaspoons chopped dill
3 Tablespoons currants
salt and pepper
2 cups water
juice of 1 lemon

1 Rinse preserved or fresh vine leaves and blanch in boiling water for 3 minutes, a few at a time. Remove to a bowl of cold water, then drain
2 Cut off any stems
3 Gently fry onion in ½ cup olive oil until transparent
4 Add rice and pine nuts and stir over heat for 2 minutes
5 Stir in herbs, currants, seasoning to taste and 1 cup water. Cover tightly and cook over low heat for 15 minutes until water is absorbed
6 To shape rolls, place a leaf, smooth side down, on work surface and put heaped teaspoon of stuffing in centre. Fold stem end and sides over stuffing and roll up
7 Line a heavy-based saucepan with a few vine leaves and pack rolls in close together, seam side down
8 Sprinkle each layer with remaining oil and the lemon juice
9 Add remaining cup of water and cover top of rolls with leaves
10 Invert a plate on top to keep rolls in shape during cooking
11 Cover saucepan tightly, bring to boil then simmer gently for 1 hour
12 Remove from heat and leave for 1-2 hours until liquid is absorbed
13 Lift rolls out carefully into a dish and chill for several hours before serving
14 Garnish with lemon slices and serve with a bowl of chilled yoghurt

Note: Dolmathakia freeze well - pack into freezer container, seal and freeze.
When required allow 24 hours thawing in refrigerator before serving.
If fresh vine leaves are unavailable, use preserved vine leaves in preference to canned vibe leaves; preserved vine leaves are usually avaialble in bulk from Greek food speciality shops.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia, and the world.

"Kakavi" - "fish pot" - on beach.

There are many utensils, implements, tools, etc, that are used in rural/ocean cultures like Kythera, which have a distinct name.

Some like "Kakavi", are Greek, but many others - are distinctly Kytherian, or used idiomatically on Kythera.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Kakavi fish pot on beach.jpg" ID:6151]]

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

This photograph, "Kakavi" - "fish pot" - on beach is from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia, and the world.

Food of the Minoans.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Food of the Minoans.jpg" ID:6143]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia, and the world.
Miscellaneous

Food of the Minoans.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia, and the world.
Open full entry

Fried Salt Cod.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Fried Cod and Squid.jpg" ID:6139]]

Photograph: Fried Cod and Squid.

Serves 4

Cooking time: 4-5 minutes

500g (1lb) dried salt cod
flour
oil for frying
Garlic Sauce

Batter:

1 cup plain flour
½ teaspoon salt
1 egg, separated
3/4 cup lukewarm water
1 tablespoon oil

1 Cut cod into 8 cm (3 inch) squares and soak in cold water for at least 12 hours, changing water several times
2 Rinse well and put into saucepan with cold water to cover
3 Bring slowly to boil then drain
4 Remove skin and any loose bones
5 Dry well, coat pieces with flour and dip into batter
6 Deep fry 3 or 4 pieces at a time in hot oil until golden brown and crisp
7 Drain on absorbent paper
8 SErve hot with Garlic Sauce and beetroot salad

To make batter

1 Sift flour and salt into a bowl
2 Add egg yolk, water and oil and beat until smooth
3 Let stand for 10 minutes, then fold in stiffly beaten egg white
4 Use immediately

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

This photograph, fried cod and fried squid, from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia, and the world.

"Mizethes". A selection of appertisers at the Pericles Taverna, Plaka.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos A selection of appertisers at the Pericles Taverna, Plaka.jpg" ID:6137]]

This photograph from the first edition, 1976.

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia, and the world.

"Fassoulatha". Bean Soup. From Tess Mallos' Greek Cookbook.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Bean Soup.jpg" ID:6135]]

Photograph from the First edition, 1976.

Serves 6

Cooking time: 2½-3 hours

Ingredients

2 cups dried beans (black-eyed, haricot or lima)
8 cups hot water
1 large onion, finely chopped
1 garlic clove, crushed (optional)
2 medium carrots, diced
½ cup chopped celery, including leaves
½ cup olive oil
1 cup chopped, peeled tomatoes
1 tablespoon Tomato Paste
½ teaspoon sugar
freshly ground black pepper
salt to taste
1 tablespoon chopped parsley


1 Wash beans well and cover with hot water. Allow to soak for 2 hours; overnight soaking will cause beans to ferment and is not necessary
2 Gently fry onion, garlic, carrots and celery in oil for 10 minutes
3 Add tomatoes, Tomato Paste, sugar and pepper to taste
4 Cover and simmer 10 minutes
5 Add beans and water in which they were soaked, cover and simmer gently for 2 hours
6 Add parsley and salt and cook for further 30 minutes to 1 hour until beans are all tender
7 Sprinkle with additional chopped parsley and serve with crusty bread, a side salad and chilled white wine for a hearty meal.
Also good served cold.

From:

Greek Cookbook

Author: Tess Mallos (nee, Anastasia Calopades)

When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Tess Mallos. Prolific Cookery Book author.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos young gourmet.gif.gif" ID:6126]]

The common assumption amongst Kytherians is that Tess Mallos (nee, Anastasia Calopades) has written one book, Greek Cookbook, first published in 1976.

In fact Tess has been a very prolific author of many articles, and books, over the past 40 years.

It is difficult to quantify the books she has written, as they have been published not only in Australia, but also in the USA and the United Kingdom, under various titles.

To further complicate matters, many of her books are extremely popular, and a re-printed on a regular basis.

The following should be contrued only as a preliminary list, with updated details, such as ISBN numbers to follow:

Publications:

The Australian Book of Meat Cookery.
Ure Smith, A division of, Paul Hamlyn Pty Ltd.
First published: 1970.
Republished: 1972, 1973, 1974 (twice), 1975, 1976, 1979.
Dee Why West. NSW.
ISBN 0 7254 05090

The Complete Book of Meat Cookery in Color
London. Hamlyn. 1971

The Complete Middle East Cookbook.
Illustrated by Photography, Norman Nicholls
USA. Mcraw Hill. 1979.
Reprinted, 1982, 1984 (modified), 1985.
Weldon Publishing, 1991.
Landsdown Publishing, 1994, 1995.
Revised, 1997.
REprinted 1999, 2002 (twice).

Middle Eastern Home Cooking. Quick, Easy, Delicious Recipes to Make at Home.
Boston, MA, USA, Tuttle Publishing. 2002.

Complete Mediterranean Cookbook.
Tuttle Publishing.

Mediterranean Cookbook
Readers Digest, Sydney. 1996.
[Reprint of the original Mediterranean Cookbook].

Moroccan Cookbook.

Complete Book of Egg Cooking in Color.
Illustrated by Christine Coleman
Paul Hamlyn NSW

Cooking in Color.
Chartwell books. UK. 1978.

Bean Cook Book.
Landsdowne. Australia. 1984.

The Bean Cook Book.
W. H. Smith & Sons Trading as WHS Distributors.
London. 1980.
ISBN 0 7112 00882

Wholefood Cookery with Beans, Peas and Lentils
Publisher, Landsdowne Press. Sydney. 1985.
[Sold in the United Kingdom, under the same title.]

Cooking for the Family
Toger Books International. 1986. London.

The Tess Mallos Fillo Pastry Cookbook With a guide to Kataifi Pastry.
Tess Mallos. Andrew Warn, Photographer, and Suzanne Mallos, Illustrations.
Merehurst Press. London. 1987.
Republished as a Lothian Book,
Melbourne, 1995.

Chapt in, The 200 Years History of Australian Cooking.
Ellen Argyriou, with Tess Mallos and others.
Polly Book Publishing.
1988.
Balmain, Sydney.
ISBN 0 947110 01 1

Barbecue Cookbook.
Crescent. New York. 1994.

Middle Eastern Home Cooking
Turnaround Publisher Services.
Lansdowne Publishing Pty Ltd
Hardback.
128 pages.
2002.
ISBN: 1863027556

Australia's & New Zealand's Seafood Down Under
Tess Mallos (ed).
Published by Harper Macrae Australia Pty Limited, Guildford, NSW. 2161.

Cooking of the Gulf.
Parkway Publishing. UK. 2004.

Traditional herbal remedies and medicines

The ancient Tree of Hippocrates on the island of Cos, overhangs a bounty of traditional herbal remedies and medicines.
Herbs were a very important component of traditional Kytherian remedies.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos Hippocrates Tree.jpg" ID:6121]]

From:

Greek Cookbook
Author: Tess Mallos (nee, Anastasia Calopades)
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Globe Artichokes. From Tess Mallos' Greek Cookbook.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos globe artichokes.jpg" ID:6134]]

Photograph from the First edition, 1976.

Preparation

1 Wash artichokes well and cut off stems close to base
2 Have ready a bowl of cold water with the juice of one lemon and some lemon slices added
3 If desired stir in 2-3 tablespoons flour - this is a typically Greek practice and is quite effective in preventing discolouration
4 As each artichoke is prepared to requirements, rub cut surfaces with a lemon slice from the bowl and place in the water until all are well done
5 Cook as soon after preparation as possible

Whole artichokes

1 Cut off 2.5 cm (i inch) from top and trim sharp leaf ends with scissors
2 Remove tough outer leaves and trim carefully around base just enough to neaten

Artichoke hearts

1 Cut off 2.5 cm (i inch) from top and remove 3 or 4 layers of leaves

2 Scoop out choke with a spoon and cut in half if desired

Artichoke bases (fonds):

1 Pull off all leaves

2 Remove choke and trim base into a neat cup shape


From:

Greek Cookbook

Author: Tess Mallos (nee, Anastasia Calopades)

When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Kythera. Food. An overview, by Tess Mallos.

In Greek Cookbook, Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) gives an overview of the foods from various regions and islands of Greece. This is the entry, from the first edition, 1976, for,

Kythera

Legend tells of Aphrodite rising from the sea and going immediately to Kythera - which is proud to be known as the Island of Aphrodite. Even though the worship of gods and goddesses belongs to an era long since past, the Greek is as romantic at heart and would not deny the association with the glorious world of Ancient Greece.

Because of lifelong habit and a desire for self-sufficiency, Kythera's inhabitants still prefer to make their own wine and cheese, preserve their fruit in various ways and make good use of the abundance nature provides.

These skills and practices do not of course belong to the Kytherians alone (you will find them throughout the islands and in rural areas on the mainland), but because they are typically Greek the foods and culinary styles of Kythera demand a close look.

Cheese

The most popular cheese made in the home is mizithra, a mild cottage cheese. Although the Kytherians make the curd with rennnet from the stomachs of slaughtered kids, the favoured method is one from ancient times in which the milky sap of the gig tree is used. The sap is used in various ways. One interesting method utilises a fresh twig which is well washed and bruised with a mallet. Goat's milk is brought to the boil and one part water is added to three parts of milk to break down the strength of the rich milk and to cool it. The milk is then stirred in a rotary motion with the bruised twig. As the fig sap acts on the milk, the liquid begins to change direction of its own accord and there is no more stirring as the curd is made. The curd is poured into a wicker strainer and left for a day to drain. The mizithra is then ready to spread on bread or paximathia (dry toast); with fresh fruit and a glass of wine, who would want more!
Mizithra is also dried to a hard cheese of strong but good flavour and used as a grating cheese for pasta dishes. It must be drained for twice as long as the softer cheese, and is then turned out of the strainer, coated well with salt and left for many days in a cool place until dry and hard.

Figs

The figs of Kythera are plump, juicy and sweet as honey. Some of the first green figs are picked when no bigger than the first joint of a man's thumb. These are made into a spoon sweet, usually stuffed with a blanched almond.
From ancient times figs have been preserved by drying. They not only add variety to the diet, but are eaten for the medicinal properties which are attributed to them.
The figs are picked when fully ripe and placed stem up on a loosely packed bed of straw. After drying for two or three days in the hot sun (they are covered each night with sheets), each is turned upside down and pressed gently to flatten it without splitting. After a few more days of sun the figs are put into a slow oven for half an hour to dry them completely. They are then strung on strands of dried grass called vroulo and hung in the storeroom.
Another favoured method involves cutting through to the base of the fig in four segments, leaving the sections joined at the stem. Each fig is spread out flat and dried in the sun. When it is dry enough, but still slightly sticky on the fleshy side, chopped almonds are pressed on, a second fig is placed on top and two are pressed together. These are also dried in the oven, and are a delightful confection.

Grapes

Enough has been written about winemaking without going into detail about the methods used in Kythera. It is sufficient to say that a clan picnic can be an inebriating experience since it is mandatory that everyone's wine should be sampled! Grapes that are not used for wine, or for immediate eating enjoyment, are dried in the sun for later use. Currants are used in cooking, and raisins (stafithes) are eaten as a pleasant snack, usually with almonds from the almond trees.

Olives

Several varieties of olives are grown, some for the table, some for the olive press. Each household does its own pressing.
To harvest the olives, sheets are spread out under the trees and the branches beaten well to rid them of their fruit. They are then sorted according to ripeness, the green olives being preserved separately from the softer black olives since it takes longer to rid them of their bitterness. The olives are layered in wicker baskets with salt, and the top covered with a cloth. They are then left in the sun until all the bitter juices run out. During this process they are tossed occasionally. When the olives lose their bitterness they are ready to store in wooden casks. Although wrinkled in appearance they soon gain their plumpness when placed in vinegar or olive oil.
Olives can also be preserved by pickling in water. [See a previous, separate entry for the recipe.]

Nature's gifts

Although herbs grow profusely, few of them are dried for later use. Parsley, rosemary, mint, dill, fennel and thyme are preferred fresh, and many of them are available for most of the year because the winter is mild. However sage fuskomilia and rigani are gathered in large quantities for drying. The sage is only used to brew sage tea. If you ask for a tea in rural areas in Greece, sage tree is almost always served; with a good squeeze of lemon juice, and sweetened with honey, it is most refreshing.
Rigani (wild marjoram) and parsley are the two most popular culinary herbs. Rigani flavours lamb, fish and ground meat dishes. Although oregano is a substitute for rigani, it does not have quite the same pleasant though pungent flavour.
Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis carpets the spring countryside with its tiny, daisy-like flowers. Each family gathers sufficient for its needs, dries the blooms and stores them for brewing chamomile tea. It is widely used throughout Greece as a remedy for stomach upsets, and colds, and as a tonic.
Clumps of golden broom seem to be wherever you look in the spring. The stems, after a lengthy process of beating, soaking in running water, and combing, yield a fibre which is woven into cloths on home looms; these cloths are used mainly as ground sheets during the harvesting of olives.
The fields also provide various greens for the table. Dandelion leaves (rathikia), a type of mustard green called vlita and wild asparagus are boiled and served with olive oil and lemon juice. The rathikia and vlita are rather like endive and chicory in flavour and best gathered before they flower.
Globe artichokes grow wild in the fields, among rocks and on the roadside. Though smaller than those cultivated commercially elsewhere, they are more flavourful, and are cooked in many ways.
With fish freshly caught, lamb or kid from the flocks, fruit in abundance and a vegetable garden that extends the length and breadth of Kythera, the inhabitants are fortunate indeed.


Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

Suckling pig.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos suckling pig.jpg" ID:6112]]

From:

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia, and the world.

Introduction

"Greek cookery, historically a forerunner of Western cuisine, spread its culinary influence - via ancient Rome - through-out Europe and beyond. The breadth and variety of Greek cooking will astound the uninitiated who so wrongly believe it limited to lobster, lamb and olive oil.

This book explains, in succinct step-by-step methods, more than 100 recipes to suit every course and occasion. The contents are: Appetizers, soups, sauces, meats, seafood, poultry, pasta and rice, vegetables, salads, pastries, cakes and cookies, preserves, breads and wines. They collectively confound the mischievous myth that Greek cooking is too rich, too spiced or too oily.

The author, intensely proud of her Greek heritage, explains the historical and provinicial origins of the widely different food styles; some of which date back to the early olympics when victors were showered with honey cakes and other delicacies as tribute. All recipes are described by both their Greek name and the English equivalent.

The Greek Cookbook is more than an exciting ethnic repertoir, it is creative all-seasons cookery at its best - based on experience that reaches as far back as classic Greece itself".

Tess Mallos

Tess Mallos takes a great pride in her Greek heritage. Her parents from the Greek island of Kythera - emigrated to Australia where she was born and raised in a country town.
[Tess's father was Andonis Calopedes, Yerohimona from Lianianika, near Logothetianika, and her mother was, Calliope Manolliaras, from Aroniathika. Andonis arrived in Australia at the turn of the 20th century as an 11 year old, and worked in the famous Kominos cafe in the central business district of Sydney. In 1919, he moved to Casino, where he ran the Marble Bar Cafe. Tess was born in Casino, New South Wales.]
The climate there favoured the cultivation of many popular Greek foods and she acquired a taste for home-pickled olives, globe artichokes and stuffed grape vine leaves before such exotic foods were appreciated by Australians.

Long since a resident of Sydney, Mrs Mallos has been involved in the food industry for almost half her life. Her cookery writing career began as a free-lance food consultant in advertising, creating and writing recipes for a wide range of food as well as preparing food for photography.

For the past few years she has worked as Food Consultant to the Australian Meat Board, and in that capacity writes editorials on meat cookery for some 80 publications throughout Australia, and 20 overseas countries. She is the author of a number of books on meat cookery and is regarded as an expert in the field.

This book shows her great skill and knowledge in an area of cookery which is her first love: and in her own words, 'to present my P.R. effort for Greece'.

Mrs Mallos has three children and wants them to be acquainted with as many aspects of their Greek heritage as possible. At least part of her ideal is accomplished with this book.

Qantas Airways flew Mrs Mallos to Greece for research and location photography.
Island Social Life

Spit-roasting Easter lambs.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, (nee, Anastasia Calopades) which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

From:

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia, and the rest of the world.

Introduction

"Greek cookery, historically a forerunner of Western cuisine, spread its culinary influence - via ancient Rome - through-out Europe and beyond. The breadth and variety of Greek cooking will astound the uninitiated who so wrongly believe it limited to lobster, lamb and olive oil.

This book explains, in succinct step-by-step methods, more than 100 recipes to suit every course and occasion. The contents are: Appetizers, soups, sauces, meats, seafood, poultry, pasta and rice, vegetables, salads, pastries, cakes and cookies, preserves, breads and wines. They collectively confound the mischievous myth that Greek cooking is too rich, too spiced or too oily.

The author, intensely proud of her Greek heritage, explains the historical and provinicial origins of the widely different food styles; some of which date back to the early olympics when victors were showered with honey cakes and other delicacies as tribute. All recipes are described by both their Greek name and the English equivalent.

The Greek Cookbook is more than an exciting ethnic repertoir, it is creative all-seasons cookery at its best - based on experience that reaches as far back as classic Greece itself".

Tess Mallos

Tess Mallos takes a great pride in her Greek heritage. Her parents from the Greek island of Kythera - emigrated to Australia where she was born and raised in a country town.
[Tess's father was Andonis Calopades, Yerohimona from Lianianika, near Logothetianika, and her mother was, Calliope Manolliaras, from Aroniathika. Andonis arrived in Australia at the turn of the 20th century as an 11 year old, and worked in the famous Kominos cafe in the central business district of Sydney. In 1919, he moved to Casino, where he ran the Marble Bar Cafe. Tess was born in Casino, New South Wales.]
The climate there favoured the cultivation of many popular Greek foods and she acquired a taste for home-pickled olives, globe artichokes and stuffed grape vine leaves before such exotic foods were appreciated by Australians.

Long since a resident of Sydney, Mrs Mallos has been involved in the food industry for almost half her life. Her cookery writing career began as a free-lance food consultant in advertising, creating and writing recipes for a wide range of food as well as preparing food for photography.

For the past few years she has worked as Food Consultant to the Australian Meat Board, and in that capacity writes editorials on meat cookery for some 80 publications throughout Australia, and 20 overseas countries. She is the author of a number of books on meat cookery and is regarded as an expert in the field.

This book shows her great skill and knowledge in an area of cookery which is her first love: and in her own words, 'to present my P.R. effort for Greece'.

Mrs Mallos has three children and wants them to be acquainted with as many aspects of their Greek heritage as possible. At least part of her ideal is accomplished with this book.

Qantas Airways flew Mrs Mallos to Greece for research and location photography.
Open full entry

Spit-roasting Easter lambs.

From, Greek Cookbook, by Tess Mallos, nee Anastasia Calopades which contains numerous superb photographs of food, and the settings in which it is grown, prepared and served.

[[picture:"Tess Mallos, barbecue lamb on coals.jpg" ID:6108]]

From:

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia.

Introduction

"Greek cookery, historically a forerunner of Western cuisine, spread its culinary influence - via ancient Rome - through-out Europe and beyond. The breadth and variety of Greek cooking will astound the uninitiated who so wrongly believe it limited to lobster, lamb and olive oil.

This book explains, in succinct step-by-step methods, more than 100 recipes to suit every course and occasion. The contents are: Appetizers, soups, sauces, meats, seafood, poultry, pasta and rice, vegetables, salads, pastries, cakes and cookies, preserves, breads and wines. They collectively confound the mischievous myth that Greek cooking is too rich, too spiced or too oily.

The author, intensely proud of her Greek heritage, explains the historical and provinicial origins of the widely different food styles; some of which date back to the early olympics when victors were showered with honey cakes and other delicacies as tribute. All recipes are described by both their Greek name and the English equivalent.

The Greek Cookbook is more than an exciting ethnic repertoir, it is creative all-seasons cookery at its best - based on experience that reaches as far back as classic Greece itself".

Tess Mallos

Tess Mallos takes a great pride in her Greek heritage. Her parents from the Greek island of Kythera - emigrated to Australia where she was born and raised in a country town.
[Tess's father was Andonis Calopades, Yerohimona from Lianianika, near Logothetianika, and her mother was, Calliope Manolliaras, from Aroniathika. Andonis arrived in Australia at the turn of the 20th century as an 11 year old, and worked in the famous Kominos cafe in the central business district of Sydney. In 1919, he moved to Casino, where he ran the Marble Bar Cafe. Tess was born in Casino, New South Wales.]
The climate there favoured the cultivation of many popular Greek foods and she acquired a taste for home-pickled olives, globe artichokes and stuffed grape vine leaves before such exotic foods were appreciated by Australians.

Long since a resident of Sydney, Mrs Mallos has been involved in the food industry for almost half her life. Her cookery writing career began as a free-lance food consultant in advertising, creating and writing recipes for a wide range of food as well as preparing food for photography.

For the past few years she has worked as Food Consultant to the Australian Meat Board, and in that capacity writes editorials on meat cookery for some 80 publications throughout Australia, and 20 overseas countries. She is the author of a number of books on meat cookery and is regarded as an expert in the field.

This book shows her great skill and knowledge in an area of cookery which is her first love: and in her own words, 'to present my P.R. effort for Greece'.

Mrs Mallos has three children and wants them to be acquainted with as many aspects of their Greek heritage as possible. At least part of her ideal is accomplished with this book.

Qantas Airways flew Mrs Mallos to Greece for research and location photography.

Wedding Breads.

"The Greeks bake wedding breads rather than wedding cakes; the decoration is moulded from a different dough. Christmas bread (bottom left) and Easter breads are also imaginatively shaped and decorated".

[[picture:"Tess Mallos, Breads.jpg" ID:6104]]

From:

Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos (nee, Anastasia Calopades)
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia.

Introduction

"Greek cookery, historically a forerunner of Western cuisine, spread its culinary influence - via ancient Rome - through-out Europe and beyond. The breadth and variety of Greek cooking will astound the uninitiated who so wrongly believe it limited to lobster, lamb and olive oil.

This book explains, in succinct step-by-step methods, more than 100 recipes to suit every course and occasion. The contents are: Appetizers, soups, sauces, meats, seafood, poultry, pasta and rice, vegetables, salads, pastries, cakes and cookies, preserves, breads and wines. They collectively confound the mischievous myth that Greek cooking is too rich, too spiced or too oily.

The author, intensely proud of her Greek heritage, explains the historical and provinicial origins of the widely different food styles; some of which date back to the early olympics when victors were showered with honey cakes and other delicacies as tribute. All recipes are described by both their Greek name and the English equivalent.

The Greek Cookbook is more than an exciting ethnic repertoir, it is creative all-seasons cookery at its best - based on experience that reaches as far back as classic Greece itself".

Tess Mallos

Tess Mallos takes a great pride in her Greek heritage. Her parents from the Greek island of Kythera - emigrated to Australia where she was born and raised in a country town.
[Tess's father was Andonis Calopades, Yerohimona from Lianianika, near Logothetianika, and her mother was, Calliope Manolliaras, from Aroniathika. Andonis arrived in Australia at the turn of the 20th century as an 11 year old, and worked in the famous Kominos cafe in the central business district of Sydney. In 1919, he moved to Casino, where he ran the Marble Bar Cafe. Tess was born in Casino, New South Wales.]
The climate there favoured the cultivation of many popular Greek foods and she acquired a taste for home-pickled olives, globe artichokes and stuffed grape vine leaves before such exotic foods were appreciated by Australians.

Long since a resident of Sydney, Mrs Mallos has been involved in the food industry for almost half her life. Her cookery writing career began as a free-lance food consultant in advertising, creating and writing recipes for a wide range of food as well as preparing food for photography.

For the past few years she has worked as Food Consultant to the Australian Meat Board, and in that capacity writes editorials on meat cookery for some 80 publications throughout Australia, and 20 overseas countries. She is the author of a number of books on meat cookery and is regarded as an expert in the field.

This book shows her great skill and knowledge in an area of cookery which is her first love: and in her own words, 'to present my P.R. effort for Greece'.

Mrs Mallos has three children and wants them to be acquainted with as many aspects of their Greek heritage as possible. At least part of her ideal is accomplished with this book.

Qantas Airways flew Mrs Mallos to Greece for research and location photography.
Diaspora Vintage Portraits/ People

Tess Mallos. 1976.

Tess Mallos

Tess Mallos takes a great pride in her Greek heritage. Her parents from the Greek island of Kythera - emigrated to Australia where she was born and raised in a country town.
[Tess's father was Andonis Calopedes, Yerohimona from Lianianika, near Logothetianika, and her mother was, Calliope Manolliaras, from Aroniathika. Andonis arrived in Australia at the turn of the 20th century as an 11 year old, and worked in the famous Kominos cafe in the central business district of Sydney. In 1919, he moved to Casino, where he ran the Marble Bar Cafe. Tess was born in Casino, New South Wales.]
The climate there favoured the cultivation of many popular Greek foods and she acquired a taste for home-pickled olives, globe artichokes and stuffed grape vine leaves before such exotic foods were appreciated by Australians.

Long since a resident of Sydney, Mrs Mallos has been involved in the food industry for almost half her life. Her cookery writing career began as a free-lance food consultant in advertising, creating and writing recipes for a wide range of food as well as preparing food for photography.

For the past few years she has worked as Food Consultant to the Australian Meat Board, and in that capacity writes editorials on meat cookery for some 80 publications throughout Australia, and 20 overseas countries. She is the author of a number of books on meat cookery and is regarded as an expert in the field.

This book shows her great skill and knowledge in an area of cookery which is her first love: and in her own words, 'to present my P.R. effort for Greece'.

Mrs Mallos has three children and wants them to be acquainted with as many aspects of their Greek heritage as possible. At least part of her ideal is accomplished with this book.

Qantas Airways flew Mrs Mallos to Greece for research and location photography.

From, Greek Cookbook.

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia.

Introduction

"Greek cookery, historically a forerunner of Western cuisine, spread its culinary influence - via ancient Rome - through-out Europe and beyond. The breadth and variety of Greek cooking will astound the uninitiated who so wrongly believe it limited to lobster, lamb and olive oil.

This book explains, in succinct step-by-step methods, more than 100 recipes to suit every course and occasion. The contents are: Appetizers, soups, sauces, meats, seafood, poultry, pasta and rice, vegetables, salads, pastries, cakes and cookies, preserves, breads and wines. They collectively confound the mischievous myth that Greek cooking is too rich, too spiced or too oily.

The author, intensely proud of her Greek heritage, explains the historical and provinicial origins of the widely different food styles; some of which date back to the early olympics when victors were showered with honey cakes and other delicacies as tribute. All recipes are described by both their Greek name and the English equivalent.

The Greek Cookbook is more than an exciting ethnic repertoir, it is creative all-seasons cookery at its best - based on experience that reaches as far back as classic Greece itself".
Open full entry
Nature

View across food to Karavas.

From the beautiful front cover of Tess Mallos's Greek Cookbook. Gifts from nature, against the backdrop of Karavas buildings and terraces.
(Also on page 120, entitled, At Kythera, cottage cheese with crisp bread,(paxsimathia) figs and grapes.)

Author: Tess Mallos
When Published: 1976
Re-published: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1997. In Jan 2005 a smaller paperback (40 recipes) will be published.
Publisher: Paul Hamlyn Limited
Available:
Description: 128 page.
ISBN 0 0600 07402 1
Designed by Christine Bruessow

The most famous and influential Kytherian and Greek Cookbook by far.
It's publication had a profound influence not only on Greek cooks, but on Australian cooks as well. It altered the way Australians thought about food, and faciliated the shift from the Australian preference for bland English cuisine to - the eclectic European cuisine that Australians now take for granted. (The average Australian in the 1970's would probably have preferred to die rather than eat an olive, eggplant or zuchhini!)

The book contains numerous recipes, and the full-colour photographs are "works of art".

The book is used, and is a valuable resource, in Kytherian and Greek homes throughout Australia.

Introduction

"Greek cookery, historically a forerunner of Western cuisine, spread its culinary influence - via ancient Rome - through-out Europe and beyond. The breadth and variety of Greek cooking will astound the uninitiated who so wrongly believe it limited to lobster, lamb and olive oil.

This book explains, in succinct step-by-step methods, more than 100 recipes to suit every course and occasion. The contents are: Appetizers, soups, sauces, meats, seafood, poultry, pasta and rice, vegetables, salads, pastries, cakes and cookies, preserves, breads and wines. They collectively confound the mischievous myth that Greek cooking is too ricj, too spiced or too oily.

The author, intensely proud of her Greek heritage, explains the historical and pronvinicial origins of the widely different food styles; some of which date back to the early olympics when victors were showered with honey cakes and other delicacies as tribute. All recipes are described by both their Greek name and the English equivalent.

The Greek Cookbook is more than an exciting ethnic repertoir, it is creative all-seasons cookery at its best - based on experience that reaches as far back as classic Greece itself".

Tess Mallos

Tess Mallos takes a great pride in her Greek heritage. Her parents from the Greek island of Kythera - emigrated to Australia where she was born and raised in a country town.
[Tess's father was Andonis Calopedes, Yerohimona from Lianianika, near Logothetianika, and her mother was, Calliope Manolliaras, from Aroniathika. Andonis arrived in Australia at the turn of the 20th century as an 11 year old, and worked in the famous Kominos cafe in the central business district of Sydney. In 1919, he moved to Casino, where he ran the Marble Bar Cafe. Tess was born in Casino, New South Wales.]
The climate there favoured the cultivation of many popular Greek foods and she acquired a taste for home-pickled olives, globe artichokes and stuffed grape vine leaves before such exotic foods were appreciated by Australians.

Long since a resident of Sydney, Mrs Mallos has been involved in the food industry for almost half her life. Her cookery writing career began as a free-lance food consultant in advertising, creating and writing recipes for a wide range of food as well as preparing food for photography.

For the past few years she has worked as Food Consultant to the Australian Meat Board, and in that capacity writes editorials on meat cookery for some 80 publications throughout Australia, and 20 overseas countries. She is the author of a number of books on meat cookery and is regarded as an expert in the field.

This book shows her great skill and knowledge in an area of cookery which is her first love: and in her own words, 'to present my P.R. effort for Greece'.

Mrs Mallos has three children and wants them to be acquainted with as many aspects of their Greek heritage as possible. At least part of her ideal is accomplished with this book.

Qantas Airways flew Mrs Mallos to Greece for research and location photography.
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